流域污染负荷分割研究  

Study on Pollution Load Partition of River Basin

作　　者：蔡明[1] 牛卫华[2] 李文英[3] 

机构地区：[1]黄河勘测规划设计有限公司博士后工作站,河南郑州450003 [2]黄河勘测规划设计有限公司信息中心,河南郑州450003 [3]西安理工大学环境科学研究所,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《人民黄河》2006年第7期24-26,共3页Yellow River

基　　金：教育部优秀青年教师教学科研奖励计划资助项目(2001-282);西安理工大学博士启动基金资助项目(106-220507)

摘　　要：根据排放方式的不同，水体污染可以分为点源污染和非点源污染两大类。鉴于产生机理、污染特性、污染范围等方面的不同，两类污染在区域内各自所占比重、防治方法等亦有所区别。在现实环境保护工作中，为了使污染防治措施更有针对性，有必要了解区域内两类污染各自所占的份额。以渭河流域陕西段为实例，分别运用径流分割法、降雨量差值法对流域内1991～1999年污染负荷进行了分割，并进行相互比较。结果表明，两种方法可以从不同的侧面分别对流域污染负荷进行分割，且两者分割结果相近，可以为流域污染防治政策的制定提供参考；流域内两类污染负荷所占比重大体相当，枯水年点源污染比重略高，而丰水年非点源污染比重较大。The water pollution can be divided into two major categories of point source and area-source pollution according to the different way of discharge.In view of the differences of generating mechanism,characteristics and scope of pollution,the proportion of two categories of pollution in each region and methods for prevention and control are also different.It is necessary to know its proportion of the two kinds of pollution in the region for more pertinency for pollution prevention measures during the practical environmental protection.The paper conducts partition and comparison of pollution load within the basin during 1991~1999 period by taking Shaanxi Section of Weihe River basin as an example and using separation method of hydrograph and rainfall differential technique respectively.The outcomes show that the two methods can separate the basin pollution load from different sides,the two separation results are close to each other and can be provided as references for drafting pollution prevention policies and;the proportion of the two pollution loads in the basin is more or less the same,point source is slightly heavier in a dry year and the proportion of non-point source pollution is greater in a wet year.

关 键 词：污染负荷 径流分割法 降雨量差值法 渭河流域 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]