中国核工业的辐射流行病学研究  

Radioepidemiological Studies in the Nuclear Industry of China

作　　者：孙世荃[1] 李素云[1] 袁丽云[1] 王印章[1] 李伟林[2] 柏惠云 吴企 陈绍嘉 

机构地区：[1]中国辐射防护研究院,太原030006 [2]苏州医学院 [3]核工业总工公司安全环保卫生局

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》1996年第6期333-336,共4页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

摘　　要：笔者对核工业总公司所属厂矿放射性工作人员进行回顾前瞻性辐射流行病学调查,共观查40 122人,575 411人年。结果看到,堆工后处理厂及核技术研究部门放射性作业人员的累积个人剂量为57mSv,与国外核工厂报道结果相似,元件扩散厂的个人剂量估计5mSv。核工厂放射性工作人员的癌症,特别是各种非癌症性疾病的死亡率并不高于,实际经常低于对照组和全国居民值,显示出健康人员效应。检查3.18万名核工厂工作人员的子女,放射组和对照组的遗传性和先天性疾病的发生率未见明显差别。这些结果为我国核工业的安全性提供直接的医学证据。早年核工业铀地质勘探和铀矿山井下氡子体浓度较高。地质队和铀矿山井下矿工氡子体累积照射量为80WLM,矿工肺癌为一般人群的大约2倍,单位WLM引起的肺癌相对危险增加值与国外报道结果相近似。The results of retrospective-cohort radioepidemiological studies on workers of mines and plants governed by China National Nuclear Corporation was reported. The total number was 40122 persons and 575411 person-years. The accumulated personal dose in workers of reactor, nuclear fuel reprocessing plants and research units was 57 mSv on the average. For fuel element fabrication and diffusion plants, it was about 5 mSv. Mortality of cancers, especially the non-cancerous diseases was not higher but lower than the controlled group and national values, showing the so-called health worker effect. 31786 off springs of workers in the nuclear plants were exam ined. There were no significant difference in the incidence of hereditary-congenital diseases among exposed and controlled groups. The results mentioned above provide the direct medical evidences of the safety of nuclear industry in China. Owing to the high concentration of radon in the uranium prospective and mining tunnels in early years, the average cumulative exposure to radon progeny was about 80 WLM for miners who had the history of working underground. The relative risk of lung cancer was about 2. The excess relative risk per WLM was similar to the value reported abroad.

关 键 词：辐射流行病学 核工业 流行病学 

分 类 号：R181.39[医药卫生—流行病学]