免耕条件下秸秆覆盖保墒灌溉的土壤水、热及作物效应研究  

Soil moisture conserving irrigation under straw mulch with no-tillage

作　　者：员学锋[1] 吴普特[1] 汪有科[1] 徐福利[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2006年第7期22-26,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家"十五"重大专项(2002AA2Z4211)

摘　　要：该文从目前中国干旱半干旱地区发展起来的较为成熟的保墒技术得到启迪，提出了“保墒灌溉”这一新理念。重点通过小区试验研究了免耕条件下秸秆覆盖保墒灌溉的农田效应。结果表明，覆盖处理0～50cm土壤含水率明显高于对照，地表温度日变化趋势缓和，日最高最低温度差为12．43℃，而对照则高达50．03℃。覆盖处理耕层土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌分别是对照的1．63倍、1．68倍和1．07倍，玉米株高、茎粗和叶面积均明显大于对照，相对于覆盖处理和对照本身而言，各指标均有随灌水量的增加呈上升的趋势。覆盖处理后，玉米的光合作用速率、蒸腾速率等均大于对照，但是单叶水分利用效率却相差不大。玉米产量随灌溉水量的增加较对照平均增加22．16％、20．28％和12．75％，且基本随灌溉量的增加呈上升趋势。Inspired from the comparatively mature technology of soil moisture conservation, developing in the semi-arid and arid region in China, the authors proposed the new concept of ＂Soil Moisture Conserving Irrigation （SMCI）＂, which may play a role, just like casting a brick to attract jade, in widening relevant research on water- saving irrigation and the development of water-saving undertaking of China. At the same time, through the plot experiment, the effect of the straw mulch on the field environment was studied. Result indicates soil water content with straw covered is obviously higher than contrast in 0-50 cm depth of soil Variation of temperature in one day inclined to moderation after straw mulching, the lowest range of temperature per day is 12.43℃, compared to 50. 03℃. Topsoil soil bacterium, actinomyces, and fungi after straw mulching are 1.63 times, 1, 68 times and 1.07 times as much as those of the contrast. The indexes of height, diameter and leaf area are obviously greater than those of the contrast, in the same treatment, the photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate of maize are all greater than those of the contrast, but the water use efficiency of single leaf is nearly the same between treatment and contrast. The yield of the treatment increased at the percent of 22. 16%, 20. 28% and 12.75%, and increased with the rise of quantity of irrigation water.

关 键 词：免耕 秸秆覆盖 保墒灌溉 效应 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]