影响临终关怀医学发展的伦理因素  

Ethical factors affecting the development of hospice

作　　者：邱高会[1] 刘永贵[1] 张俊[1] 何则阴[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都医学院马基教研室,四川省成都市610081

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2006年第30期147-149,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

基　　金：四川省社科联"十五"规划2005年度项目:临终关怀的理论与实践研究~~

摘　　要：目的:在中国推进临终关怀事业的发展,面临着比较尖锐的医学伦理问题,这和我国医务人员长期以来习惯的道德观、医学模式有着较强烈的冲突。本文将系统分析影响我国临终关怀的伦理因素,并探讨相应的对策措施,以促进临终关怀事业在我国深入发展。资料来源:应用计算机检索中国期刊网专题全文数据库1994-01/2005-12和维普中文科技期刊全文数据库2000-01/2005-12期间的有关临终关怀的文献。限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词是“临终关怀、伦理等”。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选择与临终关怀相关的文献,以涉及伦理问题的文献为纳入标准。资料提炼:共检索50篇左右关于临终关怀的研究文献,排除与伦理因素无关的文献,最后纳入文献8篇。资料综合:影响我国临终关怀发展的伦理因素主要有:传统死亡观、生命神圣论、传统医学人道主义、传统伦理“孝道”和医疗伦理环境。要大力发展临终关怀就必须:加强死亡教育,树立正确的死亡观;以临终者为中心,弘扬社会主义医学人道主义精神;改善伦理环境,实现医疗保健体系的统一性。结论:在中国推进临终关怀事业的发展,面临着比较尖锐的伦理问题,任重而道远。只有妥善消除以上伦理因素的不利影响,才能得到患者及其家属的理解和支持,才能使临终关怀事业这朵奇葩在我国深入发展。OBJECTIVE： There are some comparatively poignant medical ethical problems have to face in the development of hospice career in China, and this also conflicts fiercely with the traditional moral views and medical pattern of Chinese medical staff. This article aims to systemically analyze the ethical factors and countermeasures affecting the development of hospice, and advance the progress of hospice in China. DATA SOURCES： The Full Text Database of China Journal Net from January 1994 to December 2005 and WEIPU Chinese Journal of Technology between January 2000 and December 2005 were searched to identify the Chinese articles related with hospice, with the key words of ＂hospice, ethic ＂. STUDY SELECTION： All the articles were checked primarily, and those associated with hospice were collected. Inclusive criteria： The articles were involved in the ethical problems. DATA EXTRACTION： About 50 articles were retrieved, and those irrel- evant of ethical factors were excluded, finally 8 articles were included. DATA SYNTHESIS： The ethical factors affecting the development of hospice in China are mainly as follows： traditional death view, sacred theory of life, traditional medical humanitarianism, traditional ethical filial piety and medical ethical environment. To develop the hospice in a more cost-effec- tive manner, we should： emphasize obituary education, establish the correct death view; take the dying patient as center, carry forward the humanistic spirit of socialistic medical science; improve the ethical environment, realize the unity of the medical treatment and health care system. CONCLUSION： The development of hospice in China is confronted with many Sharp ethical problems, and has to take up a heavy responsibility and a long course to go. Only to properly eliminate the adverse influence of ethical factors mentioned above, the hospice career can receive the understanding and support from patients and their relatives so as to develop deeply in China.

关 键 词：临终关怀医疗 伦理学 医学 死亡 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]