稠油降解菌的筛选及其对胶质和沥青质生物降解  

Isolation of Viscous-Oil Degradative Microorganism and Biodegradation to Resin and Asphaltene

作　　者：李凤梅[1] 郭书海[1] 牛之欣[1] 牛明芬[2] 冷延慧[1] 张春桂[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]沈阳建筑大学,辽宁沈阳110168

出　　处：《土壤通报》2006年第4期764-767,共4页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973)(2004CB418500);国家高技术研究发展计划(863)前沿探索课题(2004AA649060);中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所知识创新项目(SLYQY0401);沈阳环境工程重点实验室基金资助

摘　　要：以稠油为唯一碳源,从辽河油田石油污染土壤、渣油中,经富集培养,分离筛选出细菌菌株11株、真菌23株和放线菌10株。将在含油培养基上长势良好的菌株进行室内摇瓶实验,发现真菌的降解效果好于细菌,F2006的降解效果最好,14d去除率达到39.8%。在胶质和沥青质污染土壤中,观察真菌F4、F2008、F9902、F2006、F2017、F6和F9904在14d、28d和42d对胶质和沥青质的去除率,测试结果表明,菌株F2006和F2008降解效果较好,在42d时去除率分别达到55.73%和57.62%。两次实验说明,菌株F2006为降解胶质和沥青质的优势菌株,在生物修复中具有较好的应用前景。11 bacteria, 23 fungi and 10 actonomyces strains were isolated by steps including enrichment culture and plate cultivation from the soil contaminated by viscous oil in Liaohe oil field. The tests using shaking flasks indicated that the degradation ability of fungi to viscous-oil was better than that of bacteria. The degradation rates of F2006 was 39.8% after 14 days. The degradation rates of F4, F2008, F9902, F2006, F2017, F6 and F9904 were studied in soil which was contaminated by resin and asphaltene after 14,28 and 42 days. The results showed that the degradation rates of F2006 and F2008 were higher, which reached 55.73% and 57.62%, respectively. F2006 is the excellent microorganism to biodegrade resin and asphaltene and possess of good application prospect in bioremediation engineering.

关 键 词：稠油 生物降解 胶质沥青 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]