953株不动杆菌属和2315株铜绿假单胞菌的分布及耐药性分析  

A Survey on the Prevalence of Clinical Drug Resistance in 953 Acinetobacter spp. Isolates and 2315 Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates

作　　者：吴俊[1] 赵子文[1] 陈惠玲[2] 叶惠芬[2] 杨银梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]广州医学院附属市一人民医院呼吸内科,广州510180 [2]广州医学院附属市一人民医院细菌室,广州510180

出　　处：《广州医学院学报》2006年第2期40-43,49,共5页Academic Journal of Guangzhou Medical College

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(A5000423)

摘　　要：目的:了解不动杆菌属和铜绿假单胞菌的耐药状况,为抗菌药物选用提供依据。方法:回顾性分析1997年1月1日至2005年12月31日采用广州市第一人民医院呼吸科实验室临床标本分离中的不动杆菌属和铜绿假单胞菌的耐药数据进行分析。结果:9年间共分离不动杆菌属953株和铜绿假单胞菌2315株,各种抗菌药物的耐药性呈上升趋势。不动杆菌属对亚胺培南,头孢哌酮/舒巴坦,阿米卡星的总的敏感率仍较高,分别为98.6%,82.9%,79%;铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南,头孢吡肟,阿米卡星,哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的敏感率分别为80.8%,75.2%,74.5%,73.1%;而其他抗菌药物的抗菌活性较低。9年间不动杆菌属以2005年耐药率最高,铜绿假单胞菌则以2001-2002年耐药率较高。结论:不动杆菌属和铜绿假单胞菌是以院内感染为主,耐药率的升高主要与广泛的大量使用抗生素及选择性压力有关,因此根据阶段的药敏结果合理使用抗生素是降低耐药率,缩短住院时间,减少花费的关键。Objective： To investigate the prevalence of drug resistance in Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa so as to justify the optimal selection of antibiotics. Methods： the data on drug resistance in Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from the Clinical Laboratory of Respirology Department in our hospital between 1st January 1997 and 31st December 2005 was retrospectively analyzed. Results： There were 953 Acinetobacter spp. and 2315 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates during the 9 years, with increasing resistance to varied antibiotics. The overall susceptibility rate of Acinetobacter spp. to imipenem, cefoperazone-sulbactam, amikacin remained high, and were respectively 98. 6%, 82. 9%, and 79%. The rate of susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem, cefepime, amikacin, and piperacillin/tazobactam were 80. 8% , 75. 2% , 74. 5% and 73.1% , respectively, but low susceptibility to other antimicrobial agents was also noted. During these 9 years, the highest rate of drug resistance in Acinetobacter spp. was observed in 2005, and that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa between 2001 and 2002. Conclusion： Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the most common nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli causing hospital-acquired infection. The rise in drug resistance was basically associated with the wide and excessive use of antibiotics and selective pressure. Rational administration of antibiotic based on drug susceptibility is therefore critical to reduce the resistance, hospital stay and medical costs.

关 键 词：不动杆菌属 铜绿假单胞菌 药敏试验 耐药性 

分 类 号：R378.99[医药卫生—病原生物学]