冲击波负压暴露对豚鼠鼓膜和听骨链的损伤效应  

Study on trauma of tympanic membrane and ossicular chain of guinea pigs exposed to experimental blast underpressure

作　　者：李朝军[1] 刘兆华[1] 朱佩芳[2] 王正国[2] 杨成[3] 陈海斌[2] 宁心[2] 周继红[2] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所耳鼻咽喉科 [2]第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所第四研究室 [3]400042重庆

出　　处：《中华创伤杂志》2006年第8期617-622,共6页Chinese Journal of Trauma

摘　　要：目的探讨冲击波负压对豚鼠鼓膜和听骨链的致伤效应特点。方法将豚鼠暴露于冲击波负压发生装置产生的不同强度实验性冲击波负压之后,于体视显微镜下观察豚鼠鼓膜和听骨链的创伤情况。结果共观察72只豚鼠141耳,多数鼓膜出现了充血、出血、上皮脱落和鼓膜穿孔等不同程度的创伤,严重者合并有听骨骨折。鼓膜和听骨链创伤的严重程度与冲击波负压的压力峰值和降压时间有关。在降压时间为7．5 ms左右时,引起鼓膜穿孔的最小负压峰值为-22．4～-23．9 kPa；使所有鼓膜均发生穿孔的最小负压峰值为-83．1～-87．2 kPa。结论不同强度的冲击波负压暴露可导致豚鼠鼓膜充血、出血、上皮脱落、鼓膜穿孔和听骨骨折等不同程度的创伤,鼓膜和听骨创伤的严重程度与冲击波负压的压力峰值和降压速率密切相关。Objective To probe into the characteristics of traumatic effect of blast underpressure （BUP） on tympanic membrane and ossicular chain of guinea pigs exposed to blast underpressure. Methods The guinea pigs were exposed to experimental BUP generated by the underpressure generator and their tympanic membranes and auditory ossicules were observed with stereo-microscope, Results Most of the tympanic membranes in 72 guinea pigs （ 141 ears） presented with traumatic changes, such as engorgement, haemorrhage, epidermic desquamation and perforation, combined with fracture of ossicles in some guinea pigs. The traumatic severity of the tympanic membranes and auditory ossicules was related to the peak and the declinating duration of BUP, The minimum peak of the underpressure inducing perforation was between -22.4kPa and -23.9kPa and the minimum peak inducing perforation of all the tympanic membranes was between - 83, lkPa and - 87.2kPa, Conclusion The tympanic membrane in guinea pigs exposed to BUP changed traumatically, such as engorgement, haemorrhage, epidermic desquamation, perforation and fracture of ossicles. The traumatic severity of the tympanic membranes and auditory ossicules is related to the peak and declinating duration of BUP.

关 键 词：爆震伤 鼓膜 锤骨 豚鼠 冲击波 负压 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]