冷凉地区不同耕作措施对土壤环境和作物生长发育的影响  

Effect of different tillage on soil environment and crop growth in cold area

作　　者：闫海丽[1] 张淑香[1] 严凯兵 李民 马万年 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]山西省寿阳县农机局,山西寿阳031700

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2006年第4期16-19,共4页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家"863"课题(2002AA2Z4311-1)

摘　　要：通过不同耕作措施的实施，比较其对玉米种植地土壤水分、土壤温度、玉米生长发育及产量的影响，从而探讨不同的耕作方式在旱作农业试验区的适宜性。结果表明：不同的保护性耕作措施均可提高土壤水分含量，其中留茬旋耕处理的土壤贮水量最高，达（4．542±0．894）×10^5L／hm^2；在玉米播种前期及苗期，免耕覆盖处理降低土壤温度1—2℃，而整个生育期留茬旋耕处理与传统耕作处理的土壤温度相近；苗期，留茬旋耕处理的玉米株高、根长、鲜重和干重均优于其它处理，促进了玉米的生长发育；不同的保护性耕作措施均可提高玉米的产量，与传统耕作相比可增产4．01％-22．1％。整秆还田和留茬旋耕处理玉米产量较高，两者之间差异不显著。综合考虑不同耕作措施的效应，留茬旋耕处理比整秆还田处理更适宜于冷凉地区的推广、应用。Effect of different tillage patterns on soil water, soil temperature, maize growth and yield in semi- arid areas were studied in this paper, with the purpose to search for a conversation- tillage pattern suitable to local natural conditions. The results showed that different tillage patterns could improve soil water storage, the soil laer of no- tillage was covered by straws between 0 to 20 cm held water （4.542±0.894） × 10^5 L/hm^2; Under no- tillage with full- straw mulching average soil temperature at 0- 20 cm decreased 1 ～ 2℃ during early corn growing period; In early season of corn growth, minimum- tillage with 1/3 - straw mulching would promot the growth; Compared with the conventional tillage, economic fields could increase 4.01% - 22.1%. Accordingly, the minimum - tillage with 1/3 - straw mulching treatment is suitable to the semi- arid areas.

关 键 词：保护性耕作 水分 温度 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S345[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]