不同林草系统对集水区水量平衡的影响研究  

Impact of forest and grass ecosystems on the water budget of the catchments

作　　者：代俊峰[1] 陈家宙[2] 崔远来[1] 何园球[3] 马吉刚 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [4]山东省引黄济青管理局,山东济南250013

出　　处：《水科学进展》2006年第4期435-443,共9页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40301019);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目(NCET-04-0664)~~

摘　　要：应用SWAT99.2模型(Soil and Water Assessment Tool),系统地研究了红壤丘岗集水区4种林草系统(自然草被、阔叶林、混交林和针叶林)的地表径流、根层渗漏、蒸发蒸腾、土壤蓄水量的时空特点,并用实测的地表径流对模型进行校正和验证,月地表径流的Nash-Sutcliffe模拟效率系数达到0.74,模拟值和观测值的决定系数达0.90。结果表明,降水的年内分配不均造成了径流、渗漏、土壤蓄水量月份之间的差异,年际间气象条件(特别是降水)的差异性导致了水量平衡支出项的年际差异,其中径流量和渗漏量受降水的影响最大,蒸发蒸腾量次之,土壤蓄水量的年变化量受降水的影响最小;林地能有效地减少区域的地表径流量,其中以阔叶林和混交林的效果最好;林地入渗性能大于草地;蒸发蒸腾量是林地水量平衡支出中最大的一项,且3种林地的蒸发蒸腾量均大于草地。水量平衡的预测结果显示,土地利用方式是区域短期水量平衡的主要影响因子。The characteristics of the temporal-spatial distribution of the surface runoff, the percolation from the root zone, the evapotranspiration and the soil water storage of the four forest and grass ecosystems （the natural grassland, the board-leaved forest land, the mixed forest land and the coniferous forest land） in the hilly region of red soil are studied with the soil and water assessment tool （SWAT） 99.2 model. The outputs of SWAT model are calibrated and validated against the observed surface runoff. Comparing the simulated monthly surface runoff with the observed one, we gain a good result with a deterministic efficiency of 0.90 and an simulation efficiency of 0.74. The results shows the variation of the rainfall within a year is the most important factor that leads to the difference of the monthly surface runoff, the percolation and the soil water storage in the red soil area. And the annual fluctuation of weather conditions, especially the rainfall, results in the fluctuation of the water budget. Of the water outputs, the surface runoff and the percolation are influenced most by the rainfall, then the evapotranspiration. The annual fluctuation of the soil water storage is very little. Compared with the natural grassland, the forest land reduces the surface runoff more effectively, in which the board-leaved forest land and the mixed forest land are preferable. The water infiltration property of the forest land is better than the natural grassland. And the evapotranspiration of the forest land is much larger than that of the natural grassland. The results show that land use mostly influences the short-term water budget in the region scale.

关 键 词：林草系统 集水区 水量平衡 SWAT模型 

分 类 号：S715.1[农业科学—林学] P333.1[天文地球—水文科学]