“看起来”与“看上去”——兼论动趋式短语词汇化的机制与动因  

Kànqilɑi(看起来)and kànshɑnɡqu (看上去)

作　　者：张谊生[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文传播学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2006年第3期5-16,共12页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学2005年度项目成果之一

摘　　要："看起来""看上去"作为两个由实而虚、由语而词的短语词,在功能形类上,由动趋式短语虚化为评注性准副词,形成了一个由基谓语、泛谓语、句间插入语到句内插入语的连续统。在表达功用上,由于语言发展情态化和关联化的作用,由表方向、时体开始,逐步发展到表观感和感知、近似和比况、对比和逆转。在个性特征上,两词在搭配关系、表达功用、观察视角和虚化程度等四方面存在着不同性质的区别。Kànqilɑi(看起来)and kànshɑnɡqu(看上去) have been undergoing the process from notional words to functional words, i.e., from phrases to words. In terms of functional classification, they have become commentary pre-adverbs from phrases of verb-directional complements that form a continuum consisting of true predicate, general predicate and parenthesis in and between sentences. In terms of expressive function, as the result of developing modality and cohesion, the two have evolved from indicating time, aspect and direction to denoting perception and cognition, similarity and metaphor, compression and reversion. The two differ in collocation, expressive function, angle of viewpoint and the degree of grammaticalization.

关 键 词：“看起来” “看上去” 词汇化 句法功能 表达功用 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]