额济纳绿洲地表辐射和热量特征研究  

Surface radiation and heat characteristics in Ejina Oasis

作　　者：张艳武[1] 冯起[1] 黄静[2] 苏永红[1] 司建华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2006年第3期360-366,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：中科院引进杰出人才课题(2003401);国家自然基金(40405021)共同资助

摘　　要：通过利用2003年9月5日～9月29日黑河下游额济纳地区的微气象观测资料,分析了额济纳绿洲在晴天、阴天和降水天气条件下的地表辐射、热量平衡和土壤温度等微气象特征。结果表明：在不同天气条件下近地层微气象特征变化有很大差别,晴天时地表微气象特征日变化规律明显,阴天和降水天时变化规律不明显。观测期间平均气象特征与晴天较接近,平均总辐射、净辐射和感热通量与晴天比值基本大于0．8。晴天的日变化特征基本上代表了绿洲区的气候特征,阴天和降水天时的变化表示了在晴天基础上的扰动大小。晴天时地面热量交换以感热通量为主,日间绿洲内平均Bowen比为1．5左右；阴天地面热量交换以潜热通量为主,平均Bowen比在0．5左右。The surface energy balance is the bridge of land-air coupling process. It comprises the transportation of heat and radiation between the earth＇s surface and the near-surface layer atmosphere. The characteristics of surface heat and radiation are important for studying the global climate change. By using the micrometeorology data of Ejina Oasis at Lower Reaches of Heihe River from Sep 5 to Sep 29, 2003, choosing the different types of synoptic conditions including a fine day, a cloudy day and a rainy day in Ejina Oasis, the characteristics of the daily variations of the surface radiation, heat, and soil temperature are analyzed. Through these researches, this paper attained some climate characteristics of Ejina Oasis, which reflect the features of the whole Heihe Region. The results show that there is much difference among features of radiation and heat under the three synoptic conditions. On their daily variations, there is a typical regular daily circle in fine day; there is an irregular daily circle in cloudy day or rainy day. In fine day, the maximum value of the global radiation is 860 W/m^2, daily integral values of the global radiation is 23.58 MJ· m^-2·d^- 1, that of the surface reflected is 5.44 MJ· m^-2·d^- 1, that of Photosynthesis Active Radiation （PAR） is 10.89 MJ· m^-2·d^- 1, that of the net radiation is 6.89 MJ· m^-2·d^- 1, that of the sensible heat flux is 6.59 MJ· m^-2·d^- 1, and that of the latent heat flux is 4.63 MJ· m^-2·d^- 1. The value of radiation in cloudy day is less than that in fine day. The characteristic of the averaged daily variation during the period of the experiment is very close to that under the condition of fine day. The ratios of the mean global radiation, the mean net radiation, and the mean sensible heat flux to those in fine day are all bigger than 0.8 during the experiment. The characteristic of daily variation in fine day has basically represented the oasis background climate characteristic, the cloudy day and rainy day characteristic expressed foundati

关 键 词：绿洲 地表辐射 地表热量平衡 Bowen比 

分 类 号：P422.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]