18～19世纪英国“友谊会”运动述论  

On the British “Friendly Society” Movement in the 18^(th) and 19~ (th)Centuries

作　　者：闵凡祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史系

出　　处：《史学月刊》2006年第8期87-93,共7页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"自由放任与适度干预"(04CSS003)。

摘　　要：在英国社会保障发展史上,18、19世纪是“友谊会”等民间互助组织快速发展的时期。但对“友谊会”运动这一历史现象的成因,国内外学界长期以来没有一个明确的解释。通过对18、19世纪英国“友谊会”等民间互助组织兴盛与衰落过程的历史考察表明,“友谊会”运动的出现,是此时社会上日益增长的社会保障和救助需求与英国国家职能尚未完全扩及到社会保障领域、很好地满足人们对社会福利需求的结果,“友谊会”等民间互助组织的出现与迅速发展是对18、19世纪英国国家职能在社会保障领域中缺位的重要填充。In the evolution of British social security, the 18^th and 19^th centuries were a historical period that witnessed the rapid development of popular mutual aid organizations such as the ＂Friendly Society＂. Up till now, however, the academic community both at home and abroad has been unable to provide a clear explanation for the causes of the ＂Friendly Society＂ movement. After a detailed survey of the rise and fall of the mutual aid organizations in that period, this article concludes that the movement emerged as a result of the gap between increasing demands for social security and poverty relief and the incomplete coverage of British state functions in the field of social security to satisfy people＇s needs for social welfare. Therefore, the emergence and rapid development of mutual aid organizations like the ＂Friendly Society＂ can be seen as an indispensable replacement in the absence of state functions in the area of social security in the 18^th and 19^th centuries.

关 键 词：友谊会 互助组织 国家职能 社会保障 

分 类 号：K561.42[历史地理—历史学] K561.44[历史地理—世界史]