荒漠区中麻黄营养生长特征研究  

Characteristics of nutrient growth of Ephedra intermedia in desert areas

作　　者：满多清[1] 廖空太[1] 杨自辉[1] 张德魁[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省荒漠化防治重点实验室甘肃民勤荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃武威733000

出　　处：《草业学报》2006年第4期51-57,共7页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省科研项目(QS041-C31-02;QS022-C31-059);"十五"国家科技攻关项目(2002BA517A09)资助

摘　　要：荒漠区天然中麻黄实生苗当年生长缓慢，第2年高生长和萌蘖生长显著提高，第3年高生长减弱，达到其生物学高度，但萌蘖枝数仍成倍增加。3龄天然苗刈割后，第1年再生草高生长、萌蘖生长迅速；第2年高度继续增加，但趋于缓和，萌蘖枝数成倍增加；第3年高生长量小，并达到其生境下的高度峰值，萌蘖枝数连续增加，但趋于缓和。对多年生天然中麻黄的刈割试验表明，同一立地条件下天然苗和刈割再生草都是生长3年后高度达到最大值，且高度峰值差异不显著；但萌蘖枝数却是多年生中麻黄刈割后再生草〉3龄苗刈割再生草〉天然苗。天然和人工中麻黄营养生长比较中。不同生境下中麻黄生物学高度不同。但同一生境下相似，但人工中麻黄高度显著大于天然的，高差达22～23cm。无论是天然苗、人工苗，还是天然苗刈割再生草、人工苗刈割再生草，3年内萌蘖枝数随生长年限的增加而增加，而人工中麻黄的萌蘖枝数显著大于天然的。通过改善生境条件，可提高单株生物学高度和萌蘖枝数。并科学控制刈割期，可大大提高产量。Natural Ephedra intermedia seedlings in desert areas grew slowly in the first year with high growth and more tillering branches in the next year. April to June were the key times for growth. In the third year, the high growth rate was impaired though the tillering branches still increased several fold. When natural three- year-old E. intermedia was cut at the end of October, its tillering and rate of regrowth increased in the year after cutting, and the high growth rate increased continuously in the second year although it was slower than that of the first year and tillering branches increased several fold. In the third year, the high growth rate reached its peak and slowed while the tillering branches were still increasing, though slowly. Trials on the cutting of several-year-old E. intermedia showed that in the same habitat, natural seedlings or re-growth grasses reached a maximum, height after 3-years growth, with no obvious height differences. However, the numbers of tillering branches on regrowth plants was considerably more than those on seedlings. A comparison of nutrition and growth between natural and artificial E. intermedia showed that the biological heights of E. intermedia plants were different in different habitats but a similar height in similar habitats. However, the biological height of artificial E. intermedia was obviously higher than that of natural ones, with a difference of 22-23 cm. Although the numbers of tillers of natural seedlings, artificial seedlings, natural re-growing grass, or artificial regrowing grass, increased rapidly year by year for three years, the numbers of tillers of artificial sown plants were much greater than those of naturally sown ones. The height and number of branches of grasses can be greatly enhanced by improving habitat conditions and yield would be increased accordingly through suitable cutting regimes.

关 键 词：荒漠区 中麻黄 营养生长 特征 

分 类 号：S567.19[农业科学—中草药栽培]