疑问和陈述语气与边界调  

Interrogative vs. declarative and the boundary tone in Standard Chinese

作　　者：林茂灿[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《中国语文》2006年第4期364-376,共13页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:60075011);国家社会科学基金(编号:03BYY026)

摘　　要：从语料的听辨试验结果看到,疑问在离开上下文后有不同强度。本文用声学数据论述关于普通话回声问边界调的以下看法:疑问语气和陈述语气由短语的边界音节携带,汉语有边界调;边界调为重音节时,疑问 F_0曲拱的斜率比陈述的大,或音阶比陈述的高,或者同时满足这两个条件;疑问的边界调 F_0曲拱,无论阴平、阳平、上声和去声,都保持其单字调调型不变;疑问边界调的时长比其陈述的长,但疑问及陈述的边界调时长都不一定比其前音节的长。合成实验结果证明,疑问语气和陈述语气的区分只能来自边界调。辨认测验结果证实,F_0曲拱斜率和音阶是边界调的声学关联物,具有变换语气作用,疑问的边界调时长是伴随的。本文指出,短语末的边界调为轻声音节时,其声学关联物仍是 F_0曲拱的斜率和音阶,疑问的时长总比陈述的长。我们认为,疑问的"高"是相对于陈述的而言,它的"高"是因为其边界调F_0曲拱的斜率相对大和(或)音阶相对高。疑问的边界调要比陈述的"重"。Data of acoustic analyses show the following characteristics of the boundary tone (BT) in Standard Chinese:(1) Information of interrogative mood (IM) vs.declarative mood (DM) is conveyed by boundary syllables to form BT.(2) When interrogative BT (IBT) falls over a stressed syllable,its F_0 contour slope is larger and/or its F_0 contour register higher than those of the declarative BT (DBT) respectively.(3) F_0 contour of IBT keeps its citation pattern in all the four tones.(4) The duration of the stressed-syllable bearing IBT is longer than the one bearing DBT,but both the IBT and DBT durations are not necessarily longer than those of their preceding syllables respectively.It is confirmed by synthesis that IM vs.DM can only be differentiated by BT.It is verified by identification test that the acoustic correlates of BT that define moods are the slope and/or register of the F_0 contour in its syllable,and that syllable duration is only an incidental factor.It also points out that when the BT falls over a neutral- tone syllable,its acoustic correlates remain the same and the syllable duration of IBT always longer than that of DBT.IBT is generally more stressed than DBT.

关 键 词：疑问 陈述 边界调 F0曲拱的斜率 F0曲拱的音阶 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]