农业非点源污染潜力指数系统(APPI)在太湖典型区域的应用  

Preliminary Application of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Potential Index in Typical Area of Taihu Lake

作　　者：周徐海[1] 王宁[1] 郭红岩[1] 朱建国[2] 王晓蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学环境学院污染控制与资源化国家重点实验室,江苏南京210093 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2006年第4期1029-1034,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放课题;国家"863"太湖专项资助(2002AA601012-7)

摘　　要：通过地理信息系统及计算机等辅助手段对容易发生非点源污染的地区进行识别,进而将有限的人财物投入到该地区,是有效控制非点源污染,改善水环境的重要手段。在现场调查和收集农业环境数据的基础上,应用已建立的农业非点源污染发生潜力的评价系统,研究了宜兴市大浦镇19个行政村的非点源污染的负荷情况。结果表明,方钱村、浦北村以及大浦村非点源污染指数(APPI)位居所有行政村的前3位,初步判定其为非点源污染优先控制区。同时参考现场调查结果并经计算,方钱村、浦北村和大浦村的平均污染负荷量也为所有行政村的前3位,和预测结果相一致。大浦镇非点源污染负荷及分配情况分别为:农田氮磷排放总量约为198.3t·a-1,家禽氮磷排放总量约为35.6t·a-1,居民氮磷排放总量约为102.8t·a-1,总排放量约为336.7t·a-1。在3种污染类型中,污染发生潜力较大的方钱村及大浦村,家禽的氮磷排放均占有较大比例,说明家禽的散养是造成其污染的重要原因之一,需引起足够的重视。Distinguishing and focusing the areas where agricultural non-point source pollution is easy to occur is an important measure controlling effectively the agricultural non-point source pollution and improving the quality of water by using GIS and computer. According to the requirement of agricultural non-point source pollution in Taihu Lake catchment, the model of agricultural non-point source pollution potential index （APPI） was applied and validated in Dapu Town, Yixing city, based on the field experiments and basic agricultural environmental data with geographical information system. The critical area identified for NPS control in Dapu Town was Fangqian, Pubei and Dapu where the APPI is the top three. The pollution from critical areas must be paid extra attention. Through consulting the results of investigation and computing, the average load of pollution in Fangqian, Pubei and Dapu is the top three too, which is consistent with the results of identification. The load distribution of the agricultural non-point source pollution in Dapu is that the sum of the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution discharged from fields is about 198.3 t·a^-1, the one from the livestock is 35.6 t·a^-1, the one from the dwellers is about 102.8 t·a^-1, and the total sum is about 336.7t·a^-1. The nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from livestock among all kinds of pollution possessed bigger scale in critical areas, indicating that the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from livestock was one of the key factors.

关 键 词：太湖流域 农业非点源污染 农业非点源污染潜力指数 地理信息系统 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]