高原鼠兔冷驯化和脱冷驯化中的产热变化  

VARIATION OF THERMOGENESIS IN PLATEAU PIKA (OCHOTONA CURZONIAE) DURING COLD ACCLIMATION AND DE-COLD ACCLIMATION

作　　者：柳劲松[1] 李庆芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生物学系

出　　处：《动物学报》1996年第4期377-385,共9页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站基金;国家自然科学基金资助项目;批准编号38970145。

摘　　要：本文探讨了冷驯化（５℃）和脱冷驯化（２３℃）对高原鼠兔代谢产热的影响。在冷驯化中，鼠 兔的静止代谢率（ＲＭＲ）逐渐增加，血清Ｔ３／Ｔ４比率上升，肝线粒体状态３呼吸明显增加，线粒 体细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶激活，而肝脏线粒体蛋白含量没有明显变化、在脱冷驯化中，鼠兔的ＲＭＲ明 显降低，血清 Ｔ３／Ｔ４比率下降。表明冷激活肝线粒体呼吸（通过 Ｔ３／Ｔ４调控）是 ＲＭＲ增加的细胞学机制之一。鼠兔的非颤抖性产热（ＮＳＴ），褐色脂肪组织（ＢＡＴ）线粒体蛋白含量在冷驯化中明显增加，细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶活力显著升高；而在脱冷过程中，ＮＳＴ和ＢＡＴ线粒体蛋白含量明显下 降，表明ＢＡＴ是冷驯化中形成ＮＳＴ的重要器官。高原鼠兔通过ＲＭＲ与ＮＳＴ的调节，维持恒定 的体温，是对高原地区气温变化的适应性对策之一。This work was carried out in Xining, Qinghai province, from December 1991 to Octo- ber 1992. Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) exposed to cold (5 ±1℃ ) or to warm (23± 1℃ ) showed some physiological and biochemical changes which might be important in adaptation to their environments. During the cold acclimation (animals living at 23℃ were trans- ferred to 5℃ for 1, 7, 14 and 21 days) and de-cold acclimation (animals from 5℃to 23℃), the body temperature of the pikas had no obvious change. Cold acclimation induced increases in resting metabolic rate (RMR), nonshivering ther- mogenesis (NST) and the serum ratio of T3 to T4 (expressed as% ). The state-3 respiration of liver mitochondria was activated prominently after 7 days when animals were exposed to cold, and the activity of cytochrome C oxidase of liver mitochondria tended to rise with increasing time of cold exposure. The protein content of liver mitochondria during cold accli- mation had no obvious variation. RMR, NST and the ratio of T3 to T4 decreased during de- cold acclimation. It was showed that the cold activation of liver mitochondrial respiration (regulated by T3 to T4) was one of the cytological mechanisms of elevating RMR. The mitochondrial protein content of brown adipose tissue (BAT) increased after expo- sure to cold for 7 days and decreased after de-exposure for 14 days, but the weight of BAT had no obvious change during cold acclimation and de-cold acclimation. The activities of cy- tochrome C oxidase of BAT mitochondria increased markedly after one day exposure to cold and increased 1.4 times after exposure to cold for 14 days. It was showed that BAT was the important organ of NST during cold acclimation. It is one of the adaptive strategies to high altitude environment that the pikas maintain constant body temperature by means of the regulation of RMR and NST.

关 键 词：高原鼠兔 冷驯化 脱冷驯化 产热 

分 类 号：Q959.836[生物学—动物学]