灰冠鹤雏鸟的生长发育  

The Growth of Nestlings Grey-crowned Crane

作　　者：田秀华[1] 石全华[1] 张冬冬[1] 余溢[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2006年第4期17-21,共5页Chinese Journal of Zoology

摘　　要：1999～2000年对哈尔滨动物园8只灰冠鹤（Balerica regulorum）雏鸟的生长发育进行了观察，并对雏鹤恒温能力的发育进行测定。发现灰冠鹤体重、嘴峰、跗跖和翼4个生长指标的增长曲线均呈“S”型。利用Logistic、Gompertz和Von Beaalanffy生长曲线分别对其进行回归分析，发现3种曲线的回归效果均较好，其中Logistic曲线的回归效果最佳。显示出雏鹤外部体征发育呈现一定的顺序，符合重要功能优先发育的原则。灰冠鹤雏鸟的体温调节能力在5—10日龄发育最快，到加日龄体温基本恒定，达到成鸟体温。根据灰冠鹤的发育规律，可将其生长分为4个阶段：（1）0～5日龄，体重下降，体温调节能力很低；（2）6～30日龄，体重开始增长，嘴峰增长速度达到顶峰，体温调节能力明显增强；（3）31～80日龄，体重、跗跖和翼快速生长，体温基本恒定；（4）81～135日龄（离巢），体重及各外部体征的生长都很缓慢，体型已接近成体，不断完善身体各部的机能。Growth of 8 nestlings of the Grey-crowned Crane （Balerica regulorum ）from the day hatched （0 day） to 135 days old was observed and described, and their thermoregulation ability was measured. The body growth indexes （body weight, length of culmen, tarsus and wing） showed a ＂S＂ shape. Logistic, Gompertz and Von Bertalanffy models were used to describe the body growth. The results revealed that Logistic curve was perfectly matched to all the indexes, with the value of R： 0.998 for body weight, 0.931 for culmen length, 0.990 and 0.990 for tarsus and wing, respectively. The Asymptote of body weight for the nestlings was 3 021.798 which was less than that for adult cranes; the max-growth velocity （inflexion of Logistic curve） was 31.37 g/d which occurred in 48.16 days old. Inflexion of the others indexes were appear in 19.97 days old for culmen length, 32.86 day old for -age tarsus length and 43.70 for wing. The body development followed the principle that the body part with most important function had been developed earlier. Body temperature of nestlings kept increasing until 41 days old, then became as same as adults stable at 40.2℃. The body temperature increased very raptly during 0 to 5 days of life and their ability of thermoregulation of was not developed well. However, their Thermoregulation Ability increased rapidly at age of 6 to 10 days according to the index. The process of growth of nestlings can be divided into four phases： （ 1 ） 0 - 5 day old when body weight was decreased with no development in culmen, tarsus, and wings; their thermoregulation ability was low. （2） 6 - 30 days old, body weight started increasing; culmen developed fast; the thermoregulation ability enhanced observably. （3） 31 -80 day old, body weight, length of tarsus and wings increased rapidly; body temperature stale. （4） 81 - 135 days old, nestlings left the nest and their body characters were more close to adults and all the indexes was changed slowly.

关 键 词：灰冠鹤 雏鸟生长发育 体温调节能力 Logistic回归曲线 

分 类 号：S865[农业科学—野生动物驯养]