论明代建筑之斗栱用材等级  

Study on the Timber Dimension System of Dou-gong in Chinese Ming Dynasty

作　　者：郭华瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学建筑与城规学院,副教授210009

出　　处：《华中建筑》2004年第5期131-132,136,共3页Huazhong Architecture

摘　　要：通过对明代官式建筑大量实例之斗棋用材等级的分析,结合历代营造尺在进制划分上重分数,轻几何的传统对其使用的影响,以及明尺与唐、宋、元各代营造尺关系的研究后发现,明代建筑在斗棋斗口的取值上已基本表现出以1/4寸为等差值增减的规律。它较为有力地证明了明代在用材制度上已基本摒弃了宋代的材份制,开创了斗口制的雏形。通过对明代单、足材栱构造与取值的改变以及清代斗栱用材的继承等方面验证了明代建筑这一斗口划分规律的合理性与可能性,是明代采用斗口制度的有力论据。By analyzing the timber dimension system of Dou-gong applied in the mass of examples of Chinese Ming official buildings, combined with the influences from the long-term tradition of emphasizing on division rather than geometry, as well as the comparative study on the relationship between Ming-chi and the construction measurement of Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasty, it is concluded in this paper that the rule of even increase / decrease of 1/4cun had been adopted by and large in the dou kou dimensions of Ming buildings, which strongly supports the conclusion that the Cai fen system of Song Dynasiy had been basically substituted by the Dou kou system in Ming Dynasty. The facts that the construction and size of Dancai gong and Zucai gong had been changed in Ming Dynasty and been succeeded to Qing Dynasty demonstrate the reasonability and possibility of this Dou kou division rule of Ming buildings. It is a strong proof of Ming Dou-kou system..

关 键 词：明代官式建筑 斗栱用材 1/4营造寸 营造尺 斗口制 

分 类 号：TU-098.9[建筑科学—建筑理论]