西南地区干旱规律与节水农业发展问题  

The Rules of drought and the development of water-saving agriculture in southwest China

作　　者：朱钟麟[1] 赵燮京[1] 王昌桃[1] 侯鲁川[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部长江上游农业资源环境重点开放实验室//四川省农业科学院,四川成都610066

出　　处：《生态环境》2006年第4期876-880,共5页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2002AA2Z4266)

摘　　要：除西藏以外的中国西南地区人口、耕地和农林牧渔总产值分别占全国的19.2%、19.1%和14.9%,是我国十分重要且潜力巨大的农产品生产基地。干旱是制约本区农业发展的重要因素。文章分析了西南地区的干旱特征,揭示出该区季节性干旱严重、区域性干旱突出、干旱类型多、连旱频率大的干旱规律,提出对农业生产危害最严重的干旱类型是春旱、夏旱和伏旱。从自然和经济开发的角度,分析了该区干旱的主要成因是降雨分布不均、水资源可利用率低、水土流失严重和水利工程滞后。在此基础上,提出了提高降雨利用率、提高水资源开发程度及大力发展生物节水技术的对策,特别是农业结构调整、抗旱作物选用、节水农耕农艺技术和发展经济植物篱(埂)等生物节水技术。The southwest region excluding Tibet, with 19.2% of national population, 19.1% of national farmland and 14.9% of the gross national products in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, is very important and highly potential in agricultural production in China. Drought, however, is considered as the main factor that confines further development of agriculture in the area. This article analyzed the features and determined the pattems of drought occurred in the region including seasonal drought severity, drought regionalization, drought diversity, and continuity and high-frequency drought. It concluded that spring drought, summer drought and the hot season drought are the biggest threat to agriculture. Meanwhile, from the viewpoint of nature and economic development, it indicated that the pocket rainfalls, low use efficiency of water resources, serious soil erosion and the lagging irrigation engineering projects are the major causes for drought in this area. On the basis of this study, a number of measures to reduce drought are suggested including improving use efficiency of rainfalls, speeding up exploitation of water resources and developing bio-technology for high water use efficiency.

关 键 词：干旱规律 干旱原因 节水农业 生物节水技术 西南地区 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]