“武科应试器械”考论  

A Textual Research into Apparatuses for Imperial Martial Arts Examination

作　　者：杨爱华[1] 陈恳[1] 李英[1] 杨树[1] 程远义[1] 

机构地区：[1]西华大学体育系,四川成都610039

出　　处：《军事体育进修学院学报》2006年第3期42-46,共5页Journal of Pla Institute of Physical Education

基　　金：西华大学人才引进科研启动基金(基金编号:RW0522545);西华大学学科带头人科研基金

摘　　要：从体育文化角度对古代“武科”考试内容、应试器械等进行系统研究。结果显示:“武科”,又称“武举”,创立于唐武则天长安二年(702年),废于清末光绪二十七年(1901年8月29日),历经一千二百年。考试分外场(以长垛、马射、步射、刀术、枪术、翘关等体育项目为主)和内场(策论)。唐“武科”主要外场器械为弓箭,辅从刀、枪等。宋以弓箭刀枪为主同时将弩踏等作为考试项目。明代“武科”项目沿袭唐宋,外场器械未有变化。清代开始增加了“技勇”项目,分别为开硬弓、舞大刀、掇石。课题研究旨在为我国民族传统体育学的长足发展提供实质性的理论文献资料。This paper makes a systematic research into the content of and apparatuses for the imperial martial arts examination in ancient China. The research results indicate that, the imperial martial arts examination was first established in the second year of Wu Zetian in Tang dynasty （702 AC） and abrogated in the 27th year of Guangxu in Qing dynasty （ 1901 AC）, which had lasted for 1200 years. The examination included outdoor examination and indoor examination. The apparatuses used for the outdoor imperial examination were mainly bows and arrows together with sabers and spears in Tang dynasty, and mainly sabers and spears together with crossbows in Song dynasty. The apparatuses used in Ming dynasty were almost the same as in Tang and Song dynasties. In Qing dynasty, more ＂Brave Arts＂ items were added, including strong- bow pulling, broadsword brandishing and boulder lifting. This research intends to contribute some substantial theoretical data for the considerable progress of traditional national athletics in China.

关 键 词：“武科” 外场 内场 应试器械 考论 

分 类 号：G812.9[文化科学—体育学]