某人造宝石厂噪声作业工人高频听力损失状况分析  

High-frequency Hearing Loss of Noise Exposed Workers in Artificial Gem Plant

作　　者：李敏[1] 李骏晖[1] 曹丹燕[1] 陈朝东[1] 李文勇[1] 唐国汉[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广州510300

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2006年第3期115-116,共2页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

摘　　要：目的了解人造宝石加工行业噪声作业工人高频听力损失状况,为采取有效的防护、整改措施及作业人员的健康监护提供依据。方法对某宝石厂磨钻、园磨及熔炉车间作业环境进行卫生学调查,测量车间环境噪声水平。选890例接触噪声人员作噪声组,并选160例非接触噪声人员作对照组。用常规方法测量每个工人的左右耳气导听阈,按GBZ49-2002标准对听阈作年龄和性别修正,并诊断是否为高频听力损失,比较两组工人听力状况。结果作业现场共测86个噪声点,其中有82个点超过国家卫生标准,超标率为95.35%;噪声强度为70.1￣98.6dB(A),平均(89.2±2.8)dB(A);噪声组人员高频听力损失罹患率为34.3%,明显高于对照组(12.5%)(P<0.01),且噪声组随接噪工龄增长有增高趋势,工龄5年以上的高频听力损失明显增高。结论提示人造宝石加工行业高强度噪声引起作业人员高频听力损失。Objective To understand the high-frequency hearing loss of the workers exposed to noise in the artificial gem plant and furthermore to take intervention measures to improve the work condition and occupational health surveillance. Methods The working environment was monitored and the noise level at the workshop was measured. 890 workers engaged in burnishing in the workshops were studied as noise exposed group and 160 workers without any records of exposure to occupational hazards as control group. Hearing thresholds were measured with audiometer by routine method and adjusted by age and gender according to method described in the GBZ49-2002. The diagnosis was made for each worker according to the criteria of GBZ49-2002. The hearing level between these two groups were compared. Results the intensities at 86 noise monitoring sites were measured and the noise level at 82 sites （95.35%） exceeded the national standard. The noise intensities varied from 70.1 to 98.6 dB（A） and average was （89.2±2.8） dB（A）. The prevalence of high-hequency hearing loss in the noise exposed group was 343%, had a significantly higher than that in control group （125%） （P 〈 0.01）. The high-frequency hearing loss prevalence rate was increasing with the exposure time, especially in those working for more than 5 years. Conclusion It is obvious that the high-frequency heating loss is caused by high intensity noise in artificial gem plant.

关 键 词：人造宝石 噪声 高频听力损失 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]