个体化通气在急性呼吸窘迫综合征机械通气中的应用  被引量:3

The application of individualized ventilation strategies in acute respiratory distress syndrome

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作  者:隆云[1] 刘大为[1] 周翔[1] 刘宏忠[1] 郭子建[2] 黄慧[2] 王小亭[1] 芮曦[1] 崔娜[1] 

机构地区:[1]中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学北京协和医院加强医疗科,100730 [2]中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学北京协和医院呼吸科,100730

出  处:《中华结核和呼吸杂志》2006年第8期549-553,共5页Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases

摘  要:目的探讨急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者小潮气量肺保护性通气之上,进一步减轻呼吸机相关性肺损伤及改善患者预后的方法。方法北京协和医院加强医疗科2004年7月至2005年6月30例ARDS患者,根据随机表分为小潮气量组(LTV组,14例)和个体化通气组(Ⅳ组, 16例)。其中LTV组采用6 ml/kg的潮气量及高呼气末正压(PEEP)治疗策略。而IV组以监测静态压力容积(P-V)曲线为基础设定参数,以呼气相曲线参数b为PEEP,结合吸气相曲线高位转折点并限制潮气量≤8 ml/kg,用吸气相和呼气相参数b的差值(Ab)评估肺复张潜能并指导肺复张操作。比较两种通气策略对患者临床疗效、肺损伤程度以及预后等方面的影响。结果Ⅳ组28 d患者病死率(35.7%)与LTV组(57.2%)比较差异无统计学意义(X2=1.265,P>0.05)。Ⅳ组患者第3天和第7天的血浆表面活性蛋白D(SP-D)水平[154(91~217)、149(91~206)mg/L]与入组前[140(80~200)mg/L]比较差异无统计学意义(Z分别为1.079、1.741,P均>0.05);而第3天和第7天的白细胞介素8(IL-8)表达[179(122~236)、210(100~321)ng/L]与入组前[210(132~289)ng/L]比较差异亦无统计学意义(Z分别为-0.879、0.471,P均>0.05)。Ⅳ组患者28 d内脱离ICU时间[11(5~16)d]显著高于LTV组[3(0~8)d,Z=-2.277,P<0.05];无肺外器官衰竭时间[13(6~18)d]亦显著高于LTV组[3(0~7)d,Z=-2.372,P<0.05]。Ⅳ组患者前3 d PEEP水平,潮气量,动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、气道平台压力(Pplat)[(11±2)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa),(511±66)ml, (37±5)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),(21±5)cm H2O]与LTV组[(16±3)cm H2O,(407±58)ml, (47±8)mm Hg,(26±4)cm H2O]比较差异均有统计学意义(t分别为-8.019、6.501、-4.311、-4.823,P均<0.01)。结论个体化通气治疗与小潮气量高PEEP通气策略相比,更适合患者呼吸力学特征,可减少不必要的PEEP应用,改善顺应性,避免CO2潴留;可避免血SP-D及IL-8的�Objective To explore better ventilation strategies above lower-tidal-volume (LTV) strategy to protect lung function and improve outcome in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods Thirty ARDS patients were enrolled in Department of Critical Care Medicine of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July, 2004 to June, 2005. They were randomly allocated into two groups, LTV group and individual ventilation(IV) group. Patients received 6 ml/kg tidal volume( VT ) and high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in LTV group. In Ⅳ group, static pressure-volume (P-V) curve was measured daily, and PEEP and VT were set based on P-V variation, and the open-lung potential was evaluated before recruitment maneuvers. The clinical effect, the degree of lung injury and other outcome indicators in two groups were assessed. Results The mortality rate in 28 days of IV group(35.7% ) was lower than that of LVT group (57. 2% , X^2 = 1. 265, P 〉 0. 05 ). The serum surfaetant-associated protein D (SP-D) expression in the third and the seventh day of IV group[ 154 (91 -217), 149(91 -206)mg/L] were higher than those before enrollment[ 140(80- 200)mg/L] ;and the IL-8 expression in the third and the seventh day of IV group[ 179( 122 - 236) ,210( 100 - 321 ) ng/L] were higher than those before enrollment[ 210( 132 - 289) ng/L] ; but all showed no significant difference [ X^2 = 1. 265, Z = 1. 079, 1. 741, - 0. 879, 0.471, respectively,all P 〉0. 053. The free-ICU days in 28 days and free-organ-dysfunction days of IV group[ 11 ( 5 - 16 ) d, 13 ( 6 - 18 ) d ] were signifieandy higher than that of LTV group [ 3 ( 0 - 8 ) d, 3 ( 0 - 7 ) d, Z = - 2. 277, - 2. 372 respectively,all P 〈 0. 05 ]. The PEEP, Vr, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood ( PaCO2 ) , the plateau pressure (Pplat) of initial 3 days after enrollment in IV group [ ( 11 ± 2 ) cm H20 (1 cm H2O =0. 098 kPa) ,(511 ±66)nd,(37 ±5)ram Hg (1 mm Hg

关 键 词:呼吸窘迫综合征 急性 呼气末正压 呼吸机制 肺表面活性物质D 白细胞介素8 

分 类 号:R563.8[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R605.973[医药卫生—内科学]

 

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