不同类型健身运动处方锻炼对大学生身体形态和功能的影响  

Influence of different exercise prescriptions on shape and function of college students

作　　者：吴婵清[1] 

机构地区：[1]韩山师范学院体育系,广东省潮州市521041

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2006年第36期72-75,共4页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

基　　金：广东省教育科学"十五"规划课题省教育厅重点课题(GZA02005)~~

摘　　要：目的:观察持续8周的不同类型健身运动处方锻炼对大学生身体形态、功能的影响。方法:选择韩山师范学院普系2001,2002级大学生360名(男180名,女180名),按性别不同随机分为14个实验组和1个对照组,每组12名男生和12名女生,分别以速度、力量、耐力、灵敏、柔韧、增重、全面身体素质为主要锻炼内容,制定七类(每类甲乙两套),共14套健身运动处方,处方分3部分:准备部分(5min)基本部分(30min),整理部分(5min),设定基本部分平均心率130～150次/min。每个实验组执行1套运动处方,并在大学课外活动中进行处方锻炼,每周锻炼3次,40min/次,连续8周。男女生的运动量有一定区别,对照组按常规进行学习、生活。比较各组锻炼前后身高、体质量和胸围、安静心率和血压以及心指数、肺活量和台阶指数变化。结果:360名学生全部进入结果分析。①各组锻炼前后身高、体质量变化无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②胸围:女生全面发展甲组、力量甲组、增重甲组锻炼后较锻炼前增加[(74.7±2.3),(72.2±2.8)cm;(80.9±4.6)(76.5±6.6)cm;(73.6±3.2)(70.1±4.2)cm;P<0.05];力量甲组、灵敏乙组锻炼后大于对照组[(80.9±4.6),(80.1±6.1),(75.5±4.7)cm,P<0.05]。③安静心率:男生柔韧甲组、全面乙组、耐力甲、乙组、力量乙组、增重甲组,女生全面甲组、力量乙组、增重甲乙组、灵敏乙组、速度乙组锻炼后较锻炼前显著下降(P<0.05,0.01)。锻炼后男生耐力甲组显著低于对照组[(64.4±5.8),(80.7±6.2)次/min,P<0.05]。④血压:男生柔韧乙组、全面发展甲组、增重甲组、速度甲、乙组,女生全面发展乙组、耐力甲组、力量甲组锻炼后收缩压较锻炼前显著下降(P<0.05,0.01);男生全面发展甲组、耐力甲乙组、增重甲组,女生全面发展乙组、耐力甲组、力量甲乙组锻炼后舒张压较锻炼前显著下降(P<0.05,0.01)。⑤心指数:男生柔韧甲组、全面发展乙组、耐力甲AIM： To observe the effects of successively 8-week different exercise prescriptions on shape and function of college students. METHODS： Totally 360 college students （180 males and 180 females） of grades 2001 and 2002 from nonphysical culture department, Hanshan Normal University were enrolled. They were randomly assigned into 14 experimental groups and 1 control group with 12 males and 12 females in each group. Speed, strength, stamina, dexterity, flexibility, weight and overall fitness were mainly exercise content, which were designed into 7 types （A and B set in each type）, totally 14 sets of exercise prescriptions that contained 3 parts： preparation part （5 minutes）, basic part （30 minutes） and arrangement part （5 minutes）, and mean heart rate of basic part was designed for 130-150 times per minute. One set of exercise prescription was performed in each experimental group. Prescription training was conducted in extracurricular activities, 3 times a week, once 40 minutes, for 8 weeks. The amount of exercise was different between males and females. The students in the control group were undertaken to study and live routinely. Changes of height, body mass, chest circumference, resting heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac index, vital capacity and step index were compared in each group before and after exercise. RESULTS： Totally 360 college students were involved in the result analysis. ①Changes of height and body mass before and after exercise did not have statistical significance （P 〉 0.05）.②Chest circumference： Overall fitness A group, strength A group, weight A group in females increased after exercise as compared with those before exercise [（74.7 ±2.3）,（72.2±2.8） cm; （80.9±4.6） （76.5±6.6） cm; （73.6±3.2） （70.1±4.2） cm; P 〈 0.05]. Strength A group and dexterity B group after exercise increased as compared with those in the control group [（80.9±4.6）,（80.1±6.1）, （75.5±4.7） cm,P 〈 0.05]. ③Resting heart rate： Flexibility A g

关 键 词：学生 运动(Exercise) 心率 血压 

分 类 号：R339.4[医药卫生—人体生理学]