云南野生兰花资源的多样性及其引种驯化  

Report on the diversity and introduction and domestication of wild orchid resources in Yunnan

作　　者：关文灵[1] 李枝林[1] 余朝秀[1] 王玉英[1] 程利霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2006年第4期688-691,共4页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30160074);云南省自然科学重点基金资助项目(2002C003P)

摘　　要：云南省具有十分丰富的野生兰花资源,共有兰科(Orchidaceae)植物135属、764种及16个变种,并有众多的变异类型,是我国乃至世界的兰花资源宝库。其中的杓兰属(Cypripedium)、兜兰属(Paphiopedilum)、兰属(Cymbidium)、石斛属(Dendrobium)、万带兰属(Vanda)、鹤顶兰属(Phaius)、虾脊兰属(Calanthe)、指甲兰属(Aerides)、独蒜兰属(Pleione)、槽舌兰属(Holcoglossum),蝴蝶兰属(Phalaenopsis)等有重要的观赏价值。全省各地州均有兰花分布,其中滇东南、滇南至滇西地区是兰花种类最丰富的地区。从云南各地收集野生兰花资源150多份并在温室内驯化栽培,绝大多数种类生长健壮,从中筛选出10多个切花型的材料和一批盆花型资源。并就兰花资源的保护和利用提出了2点建议:①在云南省的兰花主产区建立数个兰花种质资源保护基地,对当地的兰花资源进行迁地保护;②加强兰花育种、繁殖和栽培技术研究,推动兰花产业化。Yunnan province is the orchid resource gene bank in China even in the world with its abtmdant Orchidaceae reseurces including 135 genus, 764 species, 16 variations and other mutations types. The orchid groups with important ornamental value include the genera Phalaenopsis, Paphiopedilum, Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Vanda, Phaias, Calanthe, Aerides, Pleione, Holeoglossum, Cypripedium. Wild orchids widely distribute in every region in Yunnan province, and the Southeast, the South and the West Yunnan are the most important regions with abundant orchid resources. More than 150 accessions of wild orchid resources from 13 regions in Yunnan province were collected and domesticated in a greenhouse, in which the most plants grown well. More than 10 accessions of orchid resources for cut flowers and a group of orchid resources for pot plant were selected. At last ,two proposals were given in this paper： （i） several bases for orchid gennplasm resources preservation should be constructed in the major producing areas of wild orchids to protect local orchid germplasm resources; （ii） studies on orchid breeding, propagation and cultivation technology should be enhanced to promote orchid industrialization.

关 键 词：野生兰花 种质资源 多样性 保护 驯化栽培 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]