汉语时间词的模糊性与精确性之探析  

A Study of the Fuzziness and Precision of Time Words

作　　者：章婷[1] 李葆嘉[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《河南社会科学》2006年第4期171-175,共5页Henan Social Sciences

基　　金：江苏哲学社会科学十五规划项目(K3-005);国家社会科学基金项目(02BYY030)

摘　　要：模糊与精确是一对相反相成的概念。语义的模糊性是认知客体的类属边界的不确定性在语言中的反映。用科学或数学方式对认知客体进行量化描述时形成精确性语义。汉语时间词具有模糊和精确两套系统,日常生活的绝大多数场合不需要精确性时间词。模糊性时间词的存在,不但源于日常认知方式,而且基于具有主观随意性、客观不确定性和结果非精确预期性的日常生活方式;精确时间词的出现依赖于人们所使用的测度仪器。Fuzziness and precision are conceptions that not only oppose each other but also complement each other. The semantic fuzziness is the reflection on the ＂uncertainty of the meaning boundaries＂ of objects in the process of cognition in language. The accurate meanings, however, result from the descriptions on cognitive objects through quantitative study in scientific or mathematic way. The Chinese time words have two systems of fuzziness and precision. Precise words are unnecessary in most daily life occasions. The existence of fuzzy words origins not only in the daily cognitive style, but also in daily life style that is featured by subjective random and objective uncertainty, and whose effects can not be precisely predicted. The appearance of precise time words depends upon measuring apparatus.

关 键 词：汉语时间词 模糊性体系 精确性体系 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]