论科学观察——科学研究规律探讨之三  

ON SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION

作　　者：陈洪[1] 孙宝国[2] 杜毅 

机构地区：[1]杜克大学,美国nc27708 [2]北京工商大学,北京100037 [3]上海凯信生物技术有限公司,上海201809

出　　处：《北京工商大学学报（自然科学版）》2006年第4期52-56,共5页Journal of Beijing Technology and Business University:Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：观察是人类取得经验(知识)的主要手段之一.观察是一种物理生理心理过程,“看”是先天的,“看见”是后天的,观察或观测则必须经过专门训练,并受到头脑里的各种各样模型的制约.人眼的特定结构是在地球条件下长期进化的结果,因此,观察一般是指对宏观物体的观察.对于微观物质和宇观物质的观察可以通过仪器,然而,由于微观世界海森堡测不准规则和宇观世界的大尺度时空的特性,对微观物质和宇观物质的运动规律的认识基本上是理性思维的产物.Observation is one of main means for human to obtain the experiences （knowledge）. Observation is a physical, physiological and also psychological process. ＂To look＂ is congenital; ＂to see＂ is by obtainment; observation skills are from the scientific training. The observation results have to be restricted by the various models in man＇s minds. The eye structure is a result of long evolution on the earth, and so ＂observation＂ means to observe the macroscopic object. The observation to microscopic and cosmic objects must be by the different instrument and the movement regulation in microscopic and cosmic world should be obtained by rational knowledge, since the unmeasurability in microscopic world and the specificity in cosmic world.

关 键 词：科学观察 模型 宏观 微观 宇观 

分 类 号：G304[文化科学]