梭罗草在青藏铁路取土场植被恢复中的应用研究  

Application of Kengyilia thoroldiana to Vegetation Restoration in Gravel-soil-taken Field along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

作　　者：陈桂琛[1] 周国英[1] 孙菁[1] 陈志国[1] 韩友吉[1] 卢学峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2006年第4期506-511,共6页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-SW-04);青藏铁路科研项目;中国科学院"西部之光"项目(2003年度)资助

摘　　要：根据青藏铁路工程建设中的生态环境保护以及植被恢复建设的迫切需要,在青藏铁路沱沱河试验段高寒草原区取土场开展植被恢复的试验工作,主要研究和分析了梭罗草(Kengyilia thoroldiana(Oliv.)J.L.Yang,Yen et Baum)在青藏铁路取土场植被恢复中的应用,为青藏铁路工程建设中的取土场植被恢复提供科学依据.结果表明:青藏铁路建设过程中形成的取土场属次生裸地,其有机质含量为3.31 g.kg-1,pH为8.84.梭罗草为高原干旱地区乡土多年生草本植物,具有耐寒旱、抗风沙以及耐盐碱等特性.在取土场植物的出苗率接近50%,越冬率可达75%以上.恢复第2年植物群落盖度为41%,群落地上生物量和地下生物量分别达到(128.16±41.85)g.m-2和(266.50±95.69)g.m-2.可见,无论是种子萌发和植物越冬,还是植物个体生长发育以及人工植物群落特征,梭罗草表现出对青藏铁路沿线高寒干旱地区气候和土壤环境具有较好的适应性.只要采用高原乡土植物种类和采取相应的植被恢复技术措施,青藏铁路多年冻土区取土场次生裸地的植被快速恢复是可行的.Aimed at the ecological protection and vegetation restoration in the Qinghai-Tibet railway construction, an experiment of vegetation restoration in the gravel-soil-taken field of alpine steppe along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was carried out. The application of Kengyilia thoroldiana （ Oliv.） J. L. Yang, Yen et Baum to the vegetation restoration in the Tuotuo River area along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was also discussed in order to provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration. The results indicated that the gravel-soil-taken field formed in the process of the Qinghai-Tibet railway construction was the secondary bare land, of which the organic matter was 3.31 g·kg^-1 , and pH value was 8.84. K. thoroldiana is a perennial native plant in drought area of the Tibetan Plateau and characterized by bearing cold and drought, resisting sandstorm and salinity, etc. Of K. thoroldiana Budding ratio is close to 50% and overwintering ratio exceeds 75%. Coverage, overground biomass and underground biomass of plant communi- ty reach 41%, （128.16 ± 41.85） g·m ^-2 and （266.50± 95.69 ） g·m^-2 at the second year in the process of restoration. It is obvious that whether for the seeds germination and seeds living through the winter, or for individual development and artificial plant community characteristics, this species hold better applicability with the cold-arid climate and soil environment along the Qinghai-Tibet railway. As long as a corresponding plateau native plant species is chosen and a corresponding technical measure is taken, rapid restoration of vegetation in the permafrost regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway could be achieved for a few years.

关 键 词：青藏铁路 取土场 多年冻土区 植被恢复 梭罗草 

分 类 号：Q94-331[生物学—植物学]