几种农林植物秸杆与废弃物的化学成分及灰分特性  

Chemical composition and ash characteristics of several straw stalks and residues

作　　者：刘力[1] 郭建忠[1] 卢凤珠[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江林学院理学院,浙江临安311300 [2]浙江林学院工程学院,浙江临安311300

出　　处：《浙江林学院学报》2006年第4期388-392,共5页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(70273042);浙江省科学技术攻关项目(2004C32070)

摘　　要：对几种农林植物（苎麻Boehmeria nivea，毛竹Phyllostachys pubescens，水稻Oryzn sntiva，雷竹Phyllostachys praecox，山核桃Carya cathayensis，杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata）秸秆和废弃物的化学成分进行了分析，用粉末x射线仪（XRD）方法对农林植物秸杆和废弃物的灰分特性进行了研究。化学分析结果表明：秸秆的纤维素质量分数为378．8-462．5g·kg^-1，木质素为164．0—253．0g·kg^-1，其主要成分与木材接近；山核桃外壳的纤维素较低，木质素和灰分较高，内壳的纤维素和木质素均较高，灰分较低，只有8．2g·kg^-1；速生杉木木屑的化学成分与天然林的相同。XRD分析结果表明：禾本科秸杆灰分的主要结晶相为氯化钾和硫酸钾．而麻秆的结晶相主要成分是氯化钠和氯化钾。这两类植物秸杆有所不同。山核桃外壳成分比较复杂，内壳以碳酸钙和钠长石结晶相为主，速生杉木木屑的结晶相以硫酸钾为主。The chemical compositions of straw stalks of Bochmeria nivea, Phyllostachys pubescens, Oryza sativa and Phyllostachys praecox and residues of Carya cathayensis and Cunninghamia lanceolata were studied. Their ash characteristics were also studied with XRD-6000. The results of chemical analysis showed that the content of cellulose was between 378.8 g·kg^-1 and 462.5 g·kg^-1 and lignin was between 16.40 g·kg^-1 and 253.0 g·kg^-1 in the straw stalk, which was close to that of wood timber. The content of cellulose in the carya crust was lower but its lignin content was higher. The ash content in the carya inner shell was only 8.2 g· kg^-1. The chemical components of the quick-growing Chinese fir scrap were the same as those of natural forests. The XRD results indicated that the main crystalline phases of gramineae straw ashes were KC1 and K2 SO4 while thoseof hemp straw were NaC1 and KC1. The component of carya crust was comparatively complicated. CaCO3 and albite were main crystalline phases in the inner shell of carya. The main crystalline phase of quick-growing Chinese fir scrap was K2 SO4. [ Ch, 2 fig. 1 tab. 7 ref. ]

关 键 词：植物学 农林植物 废弃物 生物质 灰分 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]