有机无机肥配合施用对土壤-水稻系统重金属平衡和稻米重金属含量的影响  

Effects of Integrated Fertilization with Commercial Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizers on Heavy Metal Balance in Soil-Rice Cropping System

作　　者：孔文杰[1,2] 倪吾钟[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院 [2]菏泽学院,山东菏泽274000

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2006年第5期517-523,共7页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2002CB410804)。

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究了有机无机肥配施对土壤-水稻系统重金属平衡的影响。试验设置化肥(T1)、化肥+低量有机肥(T2)、化肥+中量有机肥(T3)、化肥+高量有机肥(T4)等4个处理,各处理施肥量相等,重复4次。试验结果表明,在等养分条件下,不同施肥处理对水稻地上部及籽粒的干质量没有显著的影响;糙米镉含量有随有机肥配施比例提高而增加的趋势,中量和高量有机肥与化肥配施处理(T3和T4)糙米镉含量分别为0·20和0.19mg/kg,已接近谷类污染的临界值0.2mg/kg,存在一定的健康风险。不施有机肥和低量有机肥与化肥配合施用都会导致锌和铜的亏缺,适量有机肥与化肥配合施用可保持微量营养元素的平衡,也能有效降低重金属污染风险,是建立可持续农业的有效途径。A field experiment was conducted with rice plants to assess the effects of integrated fertilization on heavy metal balance in soil-rice cropping system and rice hygienic quality. Four treatments as chemical fertilizers, chemical fertilizers ＋ lower rate of organic manure, chemical fertilizers ＋ medium rate of organic manure, and chemical fertilizers ＋ high rate of organic manure were designed with four replications for each treatment. The doses of N, P2O5, and K2O of all treatments were equal at 225, 112.5 and 150 kg/hm^2, respectively. The differences of above-ground biomass and grain yield of rice plants among treatments were not significant （P〉0.05）. Cadmium concentration in brown rice increased with the increase in the ratio of organic manure applied. Health risk existed as Cd concentration in brown rice under the treatments with medium and high rate of organic manure were as high as the limit （0.2 mg/kg） in cereals. It was also found that zinc and copper deficits in the soil-rice system occurred under the treatments with no organic manure or lower rate of organic manure. Integrated fertilization with appropriate rate of organic manure and chemical fertilizers could not only contribute to maintaining the balance of zinc and copper as micronutrients, but also minimize the risk of heavy metal pollution in the cropping system, which can be regarded as an effective manner for the construction of sustainable agriculture.

关 键 词：化肥 有机肥 配合施肥 重金属平衡 水稻 农产品安全生产 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]