南极冰藻极端环境适应性的研究进展  

Advances in Study on Acclimation of Antarctic Ice Microalgae to Extreme Environment

作　　者：王守强[1,2] 缪锦来[1,2] 郑洲[1,2] 王波[1,2] 李光友[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]海洋生物活性物质国家海洋局重点实验室,山东肯岛266061 [2]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2005年第B12期95-100,共6页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目--南极冰藻冰活性物质的研究（40506005）

摘　　要：南极冰藻对南极海冰生态系统初级生产力的直接贡献率超过20％，是地球上能够在海冰中旺盛生长的罕见的生物群落。单细胞的南极冰藻，在低温、低光照和高盐度的海冰盐囊中能够生存是其在生理、代谢和遗传上进行了复杂的适应性改变，通过产生特殊的冰活性物质、不饱和脂肪酸、色素蛋白复合物等来适应这种极端环境。同时，尽管南极臭氧层被破坏甚至出现巨大空洞，紫外线辐射显著增强，但对南极冰藻的影响并不明显。南极冰藻中的抗辐射活性物质可能起着重要作用，这些抗辐射物质往往结构新颖且活性强，能消除或减轻紫外线的伤害。The contribution proportion of Antarctic ice microalgae to Antarctic sea ice ecosystem primary productivity exceeds 20%, and Antarctic ice microalgae are rare biological community on the Earth capable of vigorously growing in sea ice. In order to survive in brine channels with low temperature, low illumination and high salinity, adaptive changes in physiology, metablism and heredity have been made to the ice microalgae, and these changes inculde the production of special ice-active substance, unsaturated fatty acid and pigment protein compound. Although the Antarctic ozone layer has been significantly destroyed to cause a remarkable increase in ultraviolet ray radiation, the effects of UV radiation on Antarctic ice microalgae are still slight, which may be due to the antiradiation active substancdes in Antarctic ice microalgae, and these active substances have novel structure and high activity to eliminate or mitigate the damage to ice microalgae made by ultraviolet ray.

关 键 词：南极 南极冰藻 生理生态 

分 类 号：Q949.2[生物学—植物学] P728[天文地球—海洋科学]