新疆石河子农耕区鼠类群落结构及其危害状况  

Study on the Community Structure and Harmfulness of Rodents in Farming Areas,Shihezi Region

作　　者：范喜顺[1] 全仁哲[1] 彭统根[1] 刘海军[1] 张静[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2006年第3期466-470,共5页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：石河子大学自然科学基金资助

摘　　要：2001年6～9月，在石河子农耕区依不同生境类型选择9个样地，以夹夜法布夹11300夹次，共捕获鼠417只，鼠种由小家鼠、灰仓鼠、红尾沙鼠、褐家鼠等10种组成。采用聚类分析方法将鼠类群落划分为3种类型：农田-林地鼠类群落（小家鼠＋灰仓鼠＋根田鼠）、荒漠-沙地鼠类群落（子午沙鼠＋红尾沙鼠＋大沙鼠）和城市居民点鼠类群落（褐家鼠＋小家鼠＋灰仓鼠）。其中，农田-林地鼠类群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数较高。根据鼠类群落结构特征，并结合鼠害发生状况将垦区鼠类危害型划分为4种类型。The Shihezi Reclamation area is located in the central part of northern piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains and the southern marginal zone of the Junggar Basin, and its elevation varies in a range of 450-520 m a. s. l. In the reclamation area it belongs to the typical continental climate, winter is long and cold, but summer is short and hot, the annual and extremely minimum and maximum temperatures are 6.0- 6.6 ℃ , - 39.8 ℃ and 42.2 ℃ respectively, the frost-free period varies in a range of 160- 171 days, and the annual precipitation and evaporation are 200 mm and 1 541 mm respectively. According to different habitat types, nine plots were selected and the characteristics of rodent community structure in plain farming areas in Shihezi region were studied during the period from June to September 2001. Using night-trap way, 11 300 traps were placed in different plots, and 417 mice including ten species of rodents were captured. According to the cluster analysis results, the rodent community structure of these plots can be divided into following types： （a） the of community Mus musculus ＋ Cricetulus migratorius ＋ Microtus oeconomus; （b） The community of Meriones meridianus ＋ Meriones erythrourus ＋ Rhombomys opimus; and （c） The community of Rattus norvegicus ＋ Mus musculus ＋ Cricetulus migratorius. Among these rodents communities, the Shannon-Wiener indices, evenness indices and dominant degree of farmland-woodland were the highest. Moreover, four types of rodent harmfulness can be divided based on the rodent community structure and the actuality of the rodent harmfulness to crops.

关 键 词：农耕区 鼠类 群落结构 聚类分析 石河子 新疆 

分 类 号：S443[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]