雪豹栖息地选择研究初报  

Preliminary Study on the Habitat Selection of Uncia uncia

作　　者：徐峰[1] 马鸣[1] 殷守敬[1] Chundawat R S 买尔旦[1] 牛亚林 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 [2]International Snow Leopard Trust,Seattle,WA 98107,USA [3]托木尔峰国家自然保护区管理局

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2006年第3期471-474,共4页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国际合作项目(20044037);国际雪豹基金会基金(ISLT);新疆保育基金(XCF)资助

摘　　要：2004年9月-2005年7月，对新疆天山东部、北塔山、阿勒泰山和托木尔峰自然保护区的雪豹活动痕迹进行调查，分析其栖息地选择。通过对171个痕迹标记样方和123个对照样方的分析，用卡方适合度检验和二项式检验分析雪豹栖息地选择差异；用主分量分析确定其栖息地选择的主要因素。结果表明：①雪豹对海拔、地形、植被类型、放牧状况及生境平坦度几项生境特征均有选择性，尤其对海拔、地形、植被类型和生境平坦度选择性明显；②众多生境特征中，生境平坦度和植被类型是雪豹栖息地选择的主要影响因子，地形次之；③在生境平坦度中，雪豹避开地表平坦的区域而在较崎岖的区域活动；就植被类型而言，雪豹避开荒漠、草甸、草原和森林。而在灌丛中活动；此外，雪豹还倾向于在谷底而不是山坡活动。Uncia uncia is one of the rare large species on the brink of extinction in Felidae in the world, and inhabit only in the Central Asian mountains. It is said that there are currently only 4 500-7 300 Uncia uncia survive . During the period from September 2004 to July 2005, the habitat selection of Uncia uncia was investigated in some mountains in Xinjiang, including the eastern Tianshan Mountains, Beita Mountains, Altay Mountains and Mount Tuomuer National Nature Reserve. In the several-month fieldwork, we got 171 sign samples of Uncia uncia and 123 random samples in total. Five habitat features, i.e., the elevation, topographic feature, vegetation type, grazing status and ruggedness, are selected to compare the difference of selectivity of the Uncia uncia habitat selection. The Chi-square goodness-of-fit test and the binomial test are used to check the significance of Uncia uncia habitat selection, and the principal component analysis is used to find the primary factors in the selection. The results are as follows： （1） Uncia uncia selected all kinds of the habitat types, especially the elevation, topography, vegetation types and ruggedness; （2） Ruggedness and the vegetation types are the preliminary factors for the habitat selection. Topography is the secondary factor; （3） Uncia uncia prefer to inhabit in the rugged habitats with moderate shrubberies, and they also like to leave signs in valley bottoms rather than hillsides.

关 键 词：雪豹 活动痕迹 栖息地选择 托木尔峰 自然保护区 

分 类 号：S863[农业科学—野生动物驯养]