运用健康信念模式评价1215名妇女乳腺癌健康教育的效果  

Evaluating the effect of health education of 1215 women about breast cancer with health Belief model

作　　者：刘纯艳[1] 于美渝[1] 赵燕利[1] 宋丽欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学护理学院,天津市300070

出　　处：《中华护理杂志》2006年第8期683-686,共4页Chinese Journal of Nursing

基　　金：美国Komen乳腺癌基金会资助

摘　　要：目的 运用健康信念模式，了解妇女的健康信念对其乳房自检行为的影响。方法 对天津市1215名妇女在问卷调查基础上进行乳腺癌健康教育，对培训前后的效果进行评价并分析影响妇女乳房自检行为的因素。结果 调查对象在接受培训后知识、态度和行为均有不同程度的提高与改变。在影响乳房自检行为的健康信念的4个参数中，培训前：乳房自检行为与“感知到的障碍”有关（OR值为1．345，95％CI为1．287～1.405）；培训后：乳房自检行为与“感知到的益处”和“感知到的障碍”有关（OR值分别为1．217，1．271，95％CI分别是1．075～1．377，1．216～1．328）。结论 妇女的乳房自检率低下，对乳腺癌及乳房自检相关知识了解不多，但知识的增多不一定带来行为的改变，从接受健康信息到行为的转变必须以态度的确立为前提，健康教育的重点应在于帮助人们认识到可能的障碍和困难，找到解决的方法。Objective To study the influence of the health belief of women on their breast self-examination（BSE） practice, Methods Using a questionnaire, 1215 women in Tianjin were investigated about their knowledge, attitude and practice towards breast self-examination. An evaluation was made about the effect of the education program and the factors affecting the BSE practice. Results The knowledge, attitude and practice of the women were improved after the education. Among the four parameters of HBM, perceived barriers were statistically associated with BSE performance at baseline （OR = 1. 345,95%CI = 1. 287-1. 405,） and perceived benefits, perceived barriers at follow-up （OR=1. 217,1. 271, 95%CI= 1. 075- 1. 377,1. 216-1. 328）. Conclusion The ratio of women＇s BSE remained at a low level. Accepting relevant knowledge was not indicative of the practice of BSE. The attitude establishment should he regarded as a prerequisite to change the behavior. Modern health education theory should be introduced to analyze the results of an education program.

关 键 词：乳腺自我检查 健康教育 护理 健康信念模式 

分 类 号：R473.73[医药卫生—护理学]