野生绿菇(Russula virescens)的生态学特性调查研究  

A Study on the Ecological Characteristics of Russula virescens

作　　者：吴跃开 余金勇 程绍传 朱秀娥 

机构地区：[1]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550011

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2006年第5期17-19,22,共4页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：贵州省科委基金项目:[黔基合计字(2000)3086号]

摘　　要：实地调查结果表明:野生绿菇每年6￣9月份大量出菇,其间林间土壤温度为19￣24.5℃,含水量为54%￣68.5%,近地空气温度为20.5￣25.5℃,相对湿度61.5%￣94.5%。绿菇在8￣40年生的马尾松林中都可大量出菇并正常地生长发育,林分结构通常以马尾松为主,郁闭度50%￣80%,下层灌木为稀疏壳斗科植物,草本层为稀疏茅草或蕨类。土壤腐殖质及落叶层的厚度对子实体的发生影响不明显,但土壤pH值一般要求在4.5￣6.4之间。综合分析认为温度、湿度、光照、土壤pH是影响绿菇子实体生长的4大关键因素。其它生境因子,如坡向,坡度,坡位等是通过影响这些关键因素而间接地影响绿菇子实体的分布及生长发育。Russula virescens is a kind of edible ectomycorrhizal fungus. The study of its ecological characteristics is of great importance for the instruction of field collection, field management and field artificial production. The result showed that the mushrooms of Russula virescens occurred commonly from July to September, when the soil temperature is 19-24.5, soil water content is 54-68.5%,near ground temperature is 20.5-25.5℃, and the near ground humidity is 61.5-94.5%.The mushrooms could be found in different forests with different stand ages from 8-40 year, and as a suitable condition, the stand density were 50-80%, shrub layer mainly consists of sparse plants of fagaceae,and the herbaceous layer mainly consists of sparse grasses and Pteridophytes （ferns） .The soil humus and the litter layer have no significant influence on the occurrence of the mushroom, but a soil pH 4.5-6.4 is required. It is concluded by comprehensive analysis that the temperature, humidity, light, and soil pH are four determinant factors for the occurrence and development of mushrooms of Russula virescens. And the other factors such as slope, aspect, position which are indirect factors. They can make the influence on the growth of fruitbody by influencing determinant.

关 键 词：绿菇(Russula virescens) 生态学特性 调查 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]