单瓣与重瓣紫花木槿雌雄配子体发育的比较研究  

Development of male and female gametophytes in simple and double flowers of Hibiscus syriacus

作　　者：何利娟[1] 郭惠红[1] 费孛[1] 张中南[1] 李凤兰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2006年第4期106-111,共6页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金："948"国家林业局引进项目(99417).

摘　　要：该文对单瓣和重瓣紫花木槿雌雄蕊的发育进行了系统的观察.结果表明:单瓣紫花木槿的小孢子母细胞经过减数分裂形成四面体状的四分体,成熟花粉是二细胞型,圆球状,表面有刺,雌蕊发育滞后于雄蕊发育一周左右,即雄蕊发育至单核小孢子时期时,珠心内大孢子母细胞开始进行减数分裂,历经蓼型胚囊的发育模式,发育为成熟胚囊.重瓣紫花木槿的雌雄蕊均瓣化并败育.单瓣紫花木槿开花后第4天开始进行双受精,胚的发育历经球形原胚、心形胚、鱼雷胚、子叶胚及成熟胚时期,核型胚乳,种子成熟后无胚乳.The cytomorphological characteristics of microsporogenesis and macrosporogenesis in simple and double flowers of Hibiscus syriacus as well as the development of their male and female gametophytes were investigated. Results showed that the microsporic tetrads of the simple flower belong to the tetrahedral type and mature pollen is two-celled with bristles on the surface. The development of gynoecia lags about one week behind that of androecia. As mononuclear microspores form, the megaspore mother ceils enter the stage of miosis. The embryo sac belongs to the polygonum type. The pistils and stamens of double flowers of H. syriacus all develop into petals and abort. Double fertilization is observed in the simple flower four days after blossom and the mature embryo forms after stages of globular, heart-shaped, torpedo-shaped and cotyledon embryos. The endosperm belongs to the nuclear type and mature seeds bear no endosperm.

关 键 词：木槿 单瓣 重瓣 雌蕊 雄蕊 绒毡层 胚 

分 类 号：S718.47[农业科学—林学]