新疆超高密度棉田氮肥运筹对产量和氮肥利用的影响  

Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Nitrogen Using of Super High-density Cotton System

作　　者：侯秀玲[1] 张炎[1] 王晓静[1] 李磐[1] 盛建东[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆农业大学资源环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《棉花学报》2006年第5期273-278,共6页Cotton Science

基　　金：农业部948项目(2003-Z53);加拿大钾磷肥研究所项目(NMS-Xinjiang200201);新疆维吾尔自治区高等学校科研计划(FSRPHEXJ)

摘　　要：研究了南疆超高密度(27.8万株.hm-2)栽培条件下不同施氮量对棉花产量、氮素养分吸收及氮素利用的影响。结果表明:随生育期推进,棉株叶、茎、铃壳和纤维含氮量呈下降趋势,棉子中含氮量变化不大;随施氮量的增加,蕾期叶、茎和吐絮期叶的含氮量与氮肥用量呈一元二次函数关系,在铃期和吐絮期棉株的茎以及铃壳中的含氮量与施氮量呈线性正相关,吐絮期的棉子含氮量与施氮量呈线性负相关。随氮肥投入的增加氮肥利用率降低,土壤供氮能力变化不大,氮肥对棉花产量的贡献率在施氮量达到300 kg.hm-2后随施氮量的增加而降低。The field experiment was arranged in Awati, the south of Xinjiang. Field fertilizer experiment with one factors, four levels of design of random section was carried out in 2004. Using CCRI 35 as material the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer on yield, nitrogen absorbing and nitrogen fertilizer using efficiency of super high-density culture. The result showed that： under different nitrogen fertilizer conditions, the fertilizer response function was y=-0. 0037x^2＋2. 6751x＋1961.7（R^2=0. 8324, n=24） ,the ratio of N-fertilizer in the highest lint yield was 361.5 kg· hm^-2,and the highest yield was 2445.2 kg ·hm^-2;The economic ratio of N-fertilizer was 318.2 kg· hm^-2 and the economic yield was 2438.3 kg·hm^-2 Nitrogen content in the leaves, stem, boll shells and textile fiber of cotton dropped with the period of growth stage, while the cotton seed didfft change remarkably. In the bud stage, the nitrogen concentration of the leaes and stem was regressive with the N rates applied, while positive linear between N rates applied and leaves, stem and boll shells in boll stage and harvest. The nitrogen concentration of the seed was negative linear correlative with the N rates applied. The result indicated that the model of different fertilization would influence the relationship between the nitrogen concentration of cotton organ and N applied. At the same time ,we concluded that the basal nitrogen 64.5 kg· hrn^-2was enoughto supply the nutrient demand of cotton before flowering period. Total N-fertilizer of 245 kg·hm^-2could obtain the lint cotton yield of above 2400 kg· hm^-2 130 kg·hm^-2 ofthe basal nitrogen.rate was appropriate. It says that coherence of nitrogen mode was considered at simulated equation of nitrogen rates. Nitrogen using efficiency was reduced at the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer, and the soil supporting nitrogen ability didn＇t change. The economic amount of nitrogen of 240-318 kg·hm^-2 was suitable.

关 键 词：棉花 高密度 氮肥 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]