新疆农田土壤养分与化肥施用现状及评价  

The Status and Evaluation on Soil Nutrient and Fertilization in Xinjiang

作　　者：张炎[1] 史军辉 罗广华[1] 热沙来提[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农科院土肥所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆林科院治沙所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2006年第5期375-379,共5页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家农业部948项目(2003-Z53);加拿大钾磷肥研究所北京办事处(PPI/PPIC)项目(NMS-Xinjiang200201)

摘　　要：在收集大量新疆农田土壤养分现状资料的基础上,比较、分析了农田土壤养分与20世纪80年代初第二次土壤普查时的变化,并对其现状做出评价:土壤有机质总体变化不大,土壤全氮总体是趋于下降,土壤碱解氮趋于提高,土壤速效磷有较大幅度的增加,土壤速效钾则较大幅度下降;农田土壤有机质含量总体属中低水平,土壤全氮属低水平,土壤碱解氮为中等水平,土壤速效磷普遍达到中等水平,土壤速效钾北疆较高,南疆属中低水平,土壤有效微量元素含量水平为中等。通过分析近15年来新疆化肥用量与农作物产量变化,阐明化肥对提高新疆主要农作物产量起着非常重要的作用,但是施用化肥的年均增长率超过了粮食总产、单产,棉花单产的年均增长率,化肥的增产效益正在下降。On the basis of a lot of information and data of agricultural soils collected from main agricultural areas in Xinjiang, the changes of soil nutrient status in early of 1980s were analyzed and compared and the evaluation of nutrient status in agricultural soil was made. The total level of organic material little changes. The total level of total N tends to decline. The total level of alkaline hydrolysis N tends to increase. Available P seems to pile up and available K is lacked seriously in cropland of Xinjiang. Soil organic material is in middle- low level, total N is in low level, alkaline hydrolysis N is in middle level, available P is in middle level and available K is in high level in north Xinjiang, in middle - low level in ,south Xinjiang. Available microelements are in middle level. The changes of fertilizer quantity used in Xinjiang for 15 years have been analyzed, the contributions of fertilizer using to main crops in Xinjiang were studied and the important problems of using fertilizer were discussed.

关 键 词：土壤养分 化肥施用 现状 评价 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]