锡林郭勒草原保护区实现保护与发展双赢对策研究  

Integration of Conservation with Development in Xilingol Grassland Reserve

作　　者：仝川[1] 张鲁[2] 王奇[3] 张树礼 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学亚热带资源与环境省重点实验室,福建福州350007 [2]内蒙古大学生态与环境科学系,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [3]北京大学中国持续发展研究中心,北京100871 [4]内蒙古环境科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2006年第5期98-102,共5页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(04XJY010)"锡林郭勒草原保护区环境与经济协调发展研究";内蒙古优秀学科带头人计划项目资助

摘　　要：内蒙古锡林郭勒草原保护区是我国唯一列入世界生物圈保护区网络的草原保护区,从草地资源利用、保护区管理和经济社会不同角度分析了保护区草原大面积退化的成因。以退化草原恢复为目标,对锡林郭勒草原保护区进行了新的规划,核心区面积占保护区总面积的比例由原来的0.17%增加到新规划的6.85%。以保护区内面积最大的白音锡勒牧场为研究区,利用2004年8月TM数字化磁带数据,在估算出白音锡勒牧场草原地上生物量的基础上,划分出未退化、轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化4个等级,针对不同退化等级草场制定出不同的牧草产量利用率,并计算出以退化草原恢复为目标的草原合理放牧强度、相应面积和载畜量,结果为研究区平均合理放牧强度为43只标准羊单位/km2,白音锡勒牧场2003年平均放牧强度为86只标准羊单位/km2。最后提出应改变锡林郭勒草原单一的畜牧业经济机构,“以工养草”;大力扶植牧民从事生态旅游和针对不同退化等级草原制定合理的载畜量等实现保护区环境保护与经济发展双赢的对策。In China, Xilingol Grassland Reserve （XGR） is an unique protected grassland area belonging to the World Biosphere Reserve Network, and a typical managed resource protected area. From the aspects of grassland resource use, reserves management, social and economic development, we analyzed the reasons of the degradation of grassland ecosystem in the XGR. The new reserve planning of the XGR was made, and the peroentage of the core area increased from 0.17 % to 6.85 % . The Baiyinxile Ranch is the largest pasture in the XGR. We used the TM digital data in August 2004, estimated the aboveground biomass through the Baiyinxile Ranch, and worked out four degraded ranks. The forage utility rates were determined according to different degraded ranks, and the reasonable grazing density, area and grazing capacity were calculated. The result is that the average reasonable grazing capacity was 43 standard sheep unit/ km2. In fact, in 2004, the grazing capacity was 86 standard sheep unit / km2. The strategies of changing the sole husbandry economic construction and developing the eco-tourism was proposed. The results can provide the decision support for the win-win of the environmental conservation and economic development in the XGR.

关 键 词：草原退化 环境保护 可持续发展 自然保护区 

分 类 号：S759.9[农业科学—森林经理学]