关于传统租佃制若干问题的商榷  

A Discussion on Some Issues of Traditional Land-Renting System

作　　者：秦晖[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学历史系,北京100084

出　　处：《学术月刊》2006年第9期122-132,共11页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：中国过去认识传统乡村社会的模式,影响最大为“租佃关系决定论”与“乡村和谐论”。前者强调租佃关系的作用,后者则把传统乡村看成一个非常和谐的、温情脉脉的大家庭。但这两种理论皆属一种理论虚构,难以考之史实。事实上,传统中国土地并不那么集中,租佃制并不那么发达。小农自由交易导致严重分化的说法不成立。历史上朝代际和朝代内土地趋向于集中的“规律”并不存在。当时的社会不公与社会危机另有原因,与租佃制关系不大。把地权问题说成是中国传统社会的首要问题、把地权不均说成是传统中国社会弊病、社会冲突和社会危机的主因,从而把平均地权说成是解决这些问题的主要手段,都是没有根据的。China in the past recognizes the pattern of traditional rural society by the most influential theory of ＂land-ranting relationship determines＂ and ＂rural harmony＂. The former emphasizes the function of land-renting relations, while the latter looks upon the traditional countryside as a large family with extraordinary harmony and tender feelings. Nevertheless, these two theories all belong to a theoretical fiction, and the facts are hard to be proved. In fact, traditionally, the lands in China were not so clustered, the system of land-renting was not so advanced. The saying that the free trade of small peasants resulted in serious division could not be established. In the history, there did not exist the so-called ＂laws＂ of the trends of land-clustering between dynasties and within a dynasty. The inequality and crisis of the then society has other reasons, and less concerns with the system of land-renting. It does not have the ground that takes the issue of the land rights as the first problem in traditional Chinese society, the inequality of land rights as the malady of traditional Chinese society and the chief cause of social clash and crisis, hence to advocate that the equality of land rights is the major means to solve these problems.

关 键 词：租佃制 土地集中 基尼系数 地权 

分 类 号：F092.2[经济管理—政治经济学]