对阿拉善黄鼠实验感染鼠疫的研究  

An Experimental Infection of Citellus alaschanicus with Yersinia pestis

作　　者：武文莲[1] 王治军[1] 王国钧[1] 王渭滨 于志敏 赵铁军 

机构地区：[1]青海省地方病防治研究所

出　　处：《地方病通报》1990年第4期32-37,共6页Endemic Diseases Bulletin

摘　　要：作者通过对鼠疫疫区和非疫区阿拉善黄鼠实验感染鼠疫的研究得出:疫区黄鼠感染后死亡上下限相差100 000倍,非疫区黄鼠感染后死亡上下限相差1000倍,表明疫区黄鼠对鼠疫菌具有较高的自然抗性。在实验条件下疫区冬眠黄鼠呈迁延性带菌过程。非疫区黄鼠相对表现出对鼠疫菌的高感受高敏感状态,未发现存活鼠有迁延性带菌过程,存活鼠血清也未查到鼠疫F1抗体。通过这次实验更进一步证实青海省海东地区的黄鼠目前还不具备鼠疫贮存宿主的基本条件。在实验条件下发现黄鼠能带菌越冬,这再次为鼠疫保存机理的研究提供了线索和资料依据。研究结果还表明黄鼠感染鼠疫菌后的主要表现为发病急,潜伏期大多数为1～2天,最短的为12小时,食欲不振,背毛竖立,呼吸急促,3天后注射部位有淋巴结肿大。其病理改变主要为出血性炎症反应,随着攻毒剂量的增加病理改变也随之严重,攻毒剂量小的则以增生性变化为主,攻毒剂量大的以渗出、出血和坏死变化为主。Rodents (Citellus alaschanicus) from plague endemic area and non-plague area were experimentally infected with Yersinia pestis. The results showed that the organism number at lower limit of LD after challenge was 100000 times as much as that at upper limit of LD in the animal group from plague endemic area and the number 1000 times as that in the animal from non-plague area, indicating that the animals from plague area may be more naturally resistant to Yersinia pestis, and that persisting type of the bacteria-carrying process existed in the hibernating rodents from plague area under the experimental condition and that the rodents from non-plague endemic area were highly susceptible and sensitive to Yersinia pestis and the persisting type of the bacteria-carrying process did not exist in the survivals of them and no Fl antibody was detected in the sera from the survivals. This may confirm that Citellus alaschanicus from Haidong District of Qinghai Province does not act as a plague reservoir. The fact that Citellus alaschanicus was found to be able to carry the causative agent of plague over winter time under the experimental infection may supply some valuable data for approach to the bacteria-preserving mechanism. Furthermore, the study also showed that symptomatic manifestations occurred in these rodents after infection with Y. pestis were characterized by acute attack, incubation period of 1-2 days (the shortest incubation period was 12 hours), anorexia, standing-up hairs on the back of the animals, shortness of breath, and the enlargement of lymph nodes at injection sites after inoculation and that pathological changes, which were mainly characterized by hemorrhagic inflammatory reactions in the animals, became severer with the increase of challenging dose, the pathological changes being mainly hyperplastic with low challenging dose, and those mainly exudative, hemorrhagic and necrotic with high challenging dose.

关 键 词：黄鼠 鼠疫感染实验 感受性 疫区 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]