论教法创制与文化创新  

On Al-ijtihad and Cultural Innovation

作　　者：丁俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2006年第5期47-53,共7页Arab World Studies

基　　金：2006年国家社科基金项目<当代伊斯兰中间主义思潮研究>(06BZJ008)的成果之一。

摘　　要：“教法创制”是伊斯兰教法学的重要术语,指的是精通教法的法学权威(mujtahid)竭尽所能,以《古兰经》和圣训的原则精神为依据,对遇到的新情况、新问题做出符合伊斯兰基本原则和精神的独立判断并得出相应的法律结论的推演过程。这种创制实际上是伊斯兰文化的一种自我更新机制,相当于我们今天所说的文化创新。伊斯兰文化正是有赖于这一创新机制而绵延不绝,发展至今的。因此,教法创制是伊斯兰文化的重要传统。遗憾的是,自1258年蒙古军队陷落巴格达以来,教法创制之门关闭说在伊斯兰世界广为流传,创制活动从此受到影响,伊斯兰文化逐步踏上一条保守僵化、抱残守缺的衰落之路,渐渐失去昔日那种锐意进取、涵容万象的气度和辉煌。今天,伊斯兰文化面临着严峻的挑战,处于一种现代化的困境当中。怎样有效地重启教法创制这一伊斯兰文化的更新机制,很好地开展文化创新工作,使伊斯兰文化适应新的时代,与时俱进,不断进取,是包括中国穆斯林在内的全体穆斯林所面临的重要而迫切的任务。Al-ijtihad is a concept of Islamic law and it is the activities of study about some new situations and problems according to spirit of Holy Quran and the al-hadith acted by mujtahidun or al-ulama （Islamic scholars）. So actually al-ijtihad is a renewable mechanism of Islam, and just like innovation in culture that we talk about today. So that Islamic culture can develop continually till today by relying on this renewable mechanism. Al-ijtihad is the most important historical tradition of Islamic culture. Unfortunately, the statement of ＂the door of al-ijtihad is closed＂ was spreading far and wide among Islamic world since the disappearance of the Abbasid Empire and fall of Baghdad in 1258, and the activities of al-ijtihad had being restricted all along. Islamic culture, which was flourishing and glorious for several centuries, before long began to decline. Today, Islamic culture is confronted with some serious crisis and stem challenges. It is a very arduous task and pressing duty for all Muslim people including Chinese Muslim that to reopen the door of al-ijtihad and wield it more effectively, thereby make innovations in their own culture.

关 键 词：教法创制 文化创新 伊斯兰文化 

分 类 号：G371[文化科学]