丘陵区苹果园边界蜘蛛群落结构与动态的初步研究  

Spider Community Structure and Dynamics in the Margin of Apple Orchards in Hilly Area

作　　者：顾松东[1] 国耀华 郑伯平[1] 孙立宁[1] 陈茎[1] 胡敦孝[3] 

机构地区：[1]莱阳农学院植保系,山东青岛266109 [2]荣成市农业局,山东荣成264300 [3]中国农业大学植保系,北京100094

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2006年第5期46-48,74,共4页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：用陷阱法对莱阳丘陵区苹果园边界定点调查,初步鉴定该地有游猎性蜘蛛8科18种,其中主要成分依次是:狼蛛科、平腹蛛科、逍遥蛛科和蟹蛛科。研究表明,游猎性蜘蛛在4、5月间主要聚集于边界活动,但6月后随边界植被的长高开始进行生态位扩散。苹果园农事操作后,边界可作为部分蜘蛛的庇护场所,其中以狼蛛科为主。对两段不同植被类型的边界进行了蜘蛛群落调查,发现植被多样化程度高的边界游猎性蜘蛛丰富度和多样性均明显高于植被相对单一的边界。加强边界管理有利于蜘蛛的保护。Spiders were investigated using pitfall method in the apple orchard margin, and were identified into 8 families, 18 species initiatively in the area. The dominant families were Lycosidae, Gnaphosidae,Philodromidae and Thomisidae. The results showed that spiders stayed mainly on the field margin in April and May,but after June, spiders began to spread with the plant growing. The filed margin could protect some of spiders after the field operating, and the main was Lycosidae in them. Spiders in two different kinds of filed margin were studied, and it was found that the spider richness and diversity index were higher obviously in more complicated margin than that in the single plant margin. It is very important to manage filed margin for spiders.

关 键 词：丘陵区 果园边界 蜘蛛 群落 动态 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]