广州市气传真菌散布规律与气候的关系  

Distribution of Airborne Fungi and Correlation with Climate in Guangzhou

作　　者：张华[1] 郑卓[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学地球科学系

出　　处：《中山大学学报（医学科学版）》2006年第5期F0002-F0002,597-600,F0003,F0004,共7页Journal of Sun Yat-Sen University:Medical Sciences

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金资助项目(031600)

摘　　要：【目的】空气真菌的数量变化及其致敏性与气候的关系,建立气传致敏真菌日历,为广州市空气真菌过敏症的防治提供新的基础数据。【方法】采用沉降法(曝片)和体积法(旋转棒)每日收集气传真菌样品,在显微镜下鉴定和统计,定量获得每天每平方米沉降量和每立方米空气悬浮真菌数密度,并与气象站气候数据进行对比。【结果】鉴定真菌种类80余种,其中最常见的有黑孢子菌(Nigrosporaspharic)、芽枝菌(Cladosporium)、铰链菌(Alternaria)、毛霉(Mucor)、镰刀菌(Fusarium)、锈菌(Uredinales)、黑附球菌(Epicoccumnigrum)等,它们在空气中的数密度全年都有一定的数量,但悬浮真菌孢子数密度全年仍有变化,春季最大(可达到>200粒/m3),夏季、秋季和冬季依次降低,冬季真菌含量仅20～30粒/m3。日均温度大于15℃和日平均相对湿度>65%时空气中的真菌和真菌孢子数量明显增加。【结论】气传真菌全年均有分布并具有较强的致敏性,部分真菌具有明显的季节性变化,温度高和湿度大可导致真菌数密度增高,暴雨可短暂降低室外空气中较大粒径真菌的数量。高致敏性真菌在空气中最集中分布在春季,其次为夏季。[Objective] The present study focuses on the investigation of quantitative variation of air-borne fungi in Guangzhou and the relation with allergic disease and climate. It provides new data for the prophylaxis and therapy of urban allergy in establishing a calendar of air-borne fungal spores. [Methods] Two methods, gravimetric and volumetric methods （Rotorod sampler） were simultaneously used to quantitatively observe the daily air-borne fungi that were identified and counted under microscope through one year. The output data with these methods were numbers of grain of deposited airborne fungi per m^2 and of suspended airborne fungi per m^3. [Results] More than 80 taxa of airborne fungi have been identified, among which the most common fungi were Nigrospora spharic, Cladosporium, Ahernaria, Mucor, Fusarium, Uredinales, Epicoccum nigrum, etc. It was testified that fungi spores were present through all year with the most abundant period in spring （the highest peak reached 〉200 particles/m^3） and gradually decreased to 20-30 particles/m^3 in winter. Fungal spores increased rapidly when daily mean temperature was higher than 15 ℃ and relative humidity was more than 65%. [Conclusion] The identified fungi spores occurred in the atmosphere are mostly allergenic. Many of them have seasonal distribution that high temperature and humidity are propitious to the production and dispersal of fungi communities. The strong rainstorm may temporarily clear away the relative large particles of outdoor airborne fungi. The most allergic season is spring and secondly summer.

关 键 词：真菌孢子 空气微生物学 气候 超敏反应 广州市 

分 类 号：R932.8[医药卫生—生药学]