不同抗氰药物的抗氰效价评估  

Evaluation on antidotal effects of some cyanide antidotes

作　　者：赵杰[1] 樊军文[1] 朱明学[1] 

机构地区：[1]第二军医大学海医系防化医学教研室,上海200433

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2006年第5期340-342,共3页China Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：目的研究其他具有抗氰作用的药物能否在某些情况下替代高铁血红蛋白形成剂起到抗氰急救作用。方法SD大鼠非致死剂量氰化钾腹腔注射中毒,分成中毒对照组和4个治疗组,各治疗组分别注射4-二甲氨基苯酚、羟钴胺、二羟丙酮、硫代硫酸钠进行急救,观察动物中毒症状,并取血测血氰离子浓度和细胞色素氧化酶活力。结果动物惊厥停止时间4-二甲氨基苯酚治疗组明显要短于其他治疗组,表明其抗氰作用起效快;4-二甲氨基苯酚组和羟钴胺组对中毒后细胞色素氧化酶活力差异无显著性,且均明显优于其他治疗组和中毒对照组,表明两者均有助于氰化钾中毒后细胞色素氧化酶活力的恢复。结论在非致死剂量氰化物中毒时,羟钴胺的抗氰效价与4-二甲氨基苯酚相近。Objective To study whether some cyanide antidotes have the same antidotal effect as methemoglobin formers doses in some cases. Methods After injected intraperitoneally with sublethal dosage of potassium cyanide, SD rats were treated with 4-（ N, N-dimethylamino） phenol （4-DMAP） , hydroxocobalamin （ OH-B12 ）, dihydroxyacetone （ DHA）, sodium thiosulfate （ Na2S2O3 ） respectively. Poisoning symptoms, concentration of blood cyanide and activity of cytochrome oxidase were observed. Results The time of convulsion in 4-DMAP group was significantly shorter than that in the other antidote groups. It showed that the antidotal effects of 4-DMAP was much quicker. The activities of cytochrome oxidase in 4-DMAP and OH-B12 groups, which had no difference between them, were significantly higher than those in the other antidotes and poisoning control groups. It indicated that both 4-DMAP and OH-B12 could facilitate the recovery of oxidase activity and their antidotal effects were similar. Condusion In the case of sublethal cyanide poisoning, antidotal effect of OH-B12 was similar to that of 4-DMAP.

关 键 词：氰化物 中毒 抗氰剂 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]