关于罗斯福时代新政“宪法革命”的几点浅见  

Some Thoughts on “the Constitutional Revolution” of the New Deal

作　　者：韩铁[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心,教授天津300071

出　　处：《世界历史》2006年第4期29-40,共12页World History

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"世界近现代史上的政治民主化问题"[项目批准号:04JJD770001]的阶段性成果

摘　　要：美国宪法的若干重要法理原则及其运用在富兰克林·罗斯福总统任内发生了巨大变化,史称新政“宪法革命”。不过,这种变化并不是在所谓1937年最高法院的“及时转向”中一锤定音的。最高法院在正当程序、商业权、公众福利条款上的态度及其变化充分说明,新政宪法革命无论是从当时还是其后的发展来看都有它的连续性、局限性和复杂性。只有认识到了这一点,我们对新政宪法革命乃至于整个新政的历史评价才会比较准确。During the administration of President Franklin Roosevelt, both jurisprudential understanding and judicial application of several major clauses of the U.S. Constitution underwent a significant change, which has been called by historians as “the Constitutional Revolution” of the New Deal. However, such change was not done at one stroke in the Supreme Court’s “switch in time” in 1937. The Court’s changing view of due process, commerce power, and general welfare clearly demonstrated the continuity, limitation, and complexity of “the Constitutional Revolution” both at that time and in its later development. Only from this perspective can we have an appraisal of “the Constitutional Revolution” of the New Deal and the New Deal itself as a whole that might be more accurate in historical terms.

关 键 词：宪法革命 正当程序 商业权公众福利 司法审查双重标准 

分 类 号：K712.53[历史地理—历史学]