菱属植物形态性状的可塑性及其分类学意义  

Analysis of morphological plasticity of Trapa from China and its taxonomic signification.

作　　者：王月丰[1] 丁炳扬[2] 胡仁勇[2] 金明龙[3] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学生命科学学院,甘隶兰州730000 [2]温州师范学院生命与环境科学学院,浙江温州325027 [3]杭州万向职业技术学院,浙江杭州310023

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（理学版）》2006年第5期567-572,577,共7页Journal of Zhejiang University（Science Edition）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(39270060);浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(397057)

摘　　要：对国产菱属植物31个居群的13个检索性状进行了测量,并运用散点图、柱状图和方差分析等方法,对性状的可塑性及其分类学价值进行分析、评价.结果显示:1.依果体大小可以把菱属植物划分成3大类群,A类群果体最小,只有细果野菱1种;B类群包含了除细果野菱外的所有野生菱,包括东北菱、无颈东北菱、冠菱、丘角菱、耳菱、格菱、野菱等;C类群果体最大,包括四角菱、二角菱、乌菱、南湖菱等所有的栽培种.2.在种之间,果喙和腰角变异式样丰富,但种内居群间变异稳定,可以作为鉴别性状.3.瘤突高度、叶和气囊的性状分类学价值不大.Based on the scatter diagram, histogram and univariate analysis, the morphological plasticity of 31 populations of Trapa from 10 provinces in China was analysed and evaluated. The results showed that： 1. The Trapa could be divided into three group by the size of nuts. ＂A＂ is only one species-Trapa maximowiczii. Its nut is the smallest; ＂B＂ group includes T. manshurica, T. manshurica, f. kormarovii, T. japonica, T. incisa, T. potaninii, T. pseudoincisa. Their nuts are bigger. They are all wild Trapa. The nuts of ＂C＂ group are the biggest, including all plant Trapa. They are T. quadrispinosa, T. bispinosa, T. acornis, T. bicornis; 2. the morphological character of snout and pseudohorn could be used to distinguish the taxa of wild Trapa, because their variability in populations of species is limited, and among different species the variability is abundant. 3. Height of tubercle and character of leaf and petiole swelling are of little taxonomic signification.

关 键 词：菱属 果实 腰角 果喙 分类价值 

分 类 号：Q949[生物学—植物学]