瘤胃代谢的神经内分泌调节  

Neuroendocrine Regulation of Ruminal Metabolism

作　　者：韩正康[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业部动物生理生化重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《动物医学进展》2006年第9期9-13,共5页Progress In Veterinary Medicine

摘　　要：反刍动物试验证明,瘤胃液含有17β-雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P4)和睾酮(T)。E2抑制瘤胃代谢,而P4和T则提高瘤胃代谢水平。这些甾体类激素通过与瘤胃微生物细胞的相应受体结合而直接影响瘤胃内代谢变化。瘤胃液中只发现甲状腺激素的T3,而未检出T4,T3可促进瘤胃微生物代谢活动增强。豆科牧草和大豆含有植物雌激素异黄酮,可提高瘤胃内容物的菌体蛋白、TVFA和氨氮水平。瘤胃液及唾液内发现肽类激素如胃泌素。饲料蛋白在瘤胃内降解可产生一些活性肽,如外啡肽可能起肽类激素的生理作用。半胱胺可耗竭下丘脑和肠道的生长抑素,从而提高生长激素等水平,使瘤胃内代谢及蛋白质合成显著加强。因此,初步认为,瘤胃代谢受神经内分泌的调节,但尚有若干问题有待进一步试验阐明。Experiments carried out on ruminants proved that 17-β estrogen（E2）, progesterone（P4） and testosterone（T） were contained in the ruminal fluid. E2 inhibited rumen metabolism,on the contrary, P, and T increased the rumen metabolic levels. These sexual steroid hormones could specially bind the receptors of rumen microbes, respectively, suggesting affect rumen metabolic changes directly. Thyroid hormones in the rumen fluid detected only T3 was found. The results indicted that T3 may enhance the proliferation of tureen microbes and increase ruminal metabolism. Legumes and soybean contained isoflavonic phytoestrogens which increased the blood T concentration and levels of microbial protein, TVFA and NH3-N in rumen content. Peptide hormones such as gastrin was discovered in the ruminal fluid and saliva. Degradation of feed protein in the rumen may produce some bioactive peptides such as exorphins , which take the physiological role of peptide hormones. Cysteamine promoted endogenous growth hormone production by deple- ting somatostatin in the hypothalamus and gut, thereafter accelerating ruminal metabolism and microbial protein synthesis apparently. Previous results might conclude that ruminal metabolism is controlled by neuroendocrine regulation, however, there are some problems should be revealed by further experimental studies.

关 键 词：反刍动物 瘤胃代谢 神经内分泌调节 异黄酮植物雌激素 

分 类 号：S852.21[农业科学—基础兽医学]