利簋“岁鼎”析疑  

On the Inscription"Sui Ding 岁鼎"of the Li Gui Food Container

作　　者：罗琨[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院历史研究所,北京市100732

出　　处：《考古》2006年第9期55-60,共6页Archaeology

摘　　要：读何炳棣、刘雨《夏商周断代工程基本思路质疑》（以下简称《质疑》），很受启发，却也感到有可商榷之处，例如对于“岁鼎”的释读，《质疑》说：利簋“岁鼎”之“岁”字，是否可以释为岁字，难以完全肯定，金文中岁字从无如利簋写作那样的。唐兰先生将此字释为“茂”即“越”字，古人有“杀人越货”的成语，“越”有“夺”意，“越鼎”即“夺鼎”，亦即夺取政权。其说显得更直白一些。退一步讲，即或可以释为岁字。是释为“岁星”，还是释为“岁祭”，仍难以确定。再退一步讲，即或把“岁鼎”讲成“岁星当头”，它与“岁在鹑火”也不是一回事。利簋铭文记载了“武王征商隹甲子朝”。印证了相关的文献记载，但对于其后紧接的“岁鼎”二字理解却多有不同，今就《质疑》上述观点谈一些看法。The character ＂sui 岁＂ in the inscription ＂sui ding 岁鼎＂ of the Li gui food container can be firmly identified. In special contexts it might be taken as ＂yue 越,＂ but in general it should be identified as ＂sui 岁,＂ and the ＂sui ding 岁鼎＂ can not be deciphered as ＂seizing political power＂ even if one takes it as ＂yue ding 岁鼎.＂ Ancient people underwent a long accumulation course of understanding celestial phenomena, especially the ＂dahuo 大火＂ and ＂chunhuo 鹑火,＂ which were not only the names of two ＂ci＂ among the twelve ＂ci 次＂ （divisions or signs of the zodiac） but also meant two constellations. In antiquity, there was a very long history of observing and recording these constellations. Even if people had no complete concepts of the 28 constellations and the 12 signs of the zodiac in the Western Zhou period, the reliability of the record ＂King Wuwang conquered Zhou in the year of chunhuo＂ can not be denied for this reason.

关 键 词：利簋 岁鼎 岁星 十二次 

分 类 号：K877.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]