夏季东海北部近海鱼类群落结构变化  

Changes of Fish Community Structure in the Coastal Zone of the Northern Part of East China Sea in Summer

作　　者：程家骅[1] 丁峰元[2] 李圣法[2] 严利平[2] 李建生[2] 梁振林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,山东青岛266003 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2006年第5期775-781,共7页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家科技部公益性研究项目;中国水产科学研究院基金项目;农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室开放课题(开-1-04-03)

摘　　要：根据1964、1982、1999和2005年6月渔业生物资源底拖网监测资料,分析了东海北部近海鱼类群落结构的变化。结果表明,1964、1982、1999和2005年间,4次监测中出现的鱼类种类数分别为64、78、64和47种;4次监测中主要优势种类均为带鱼,但其资源量正逐渐降低;其它优势种类由20世纪60年代的底层优质鱼类,转变为80年代的中上层鱼类,随后转变为现在的群落结构简单、底层和中上层鱼类均较少的状况;鱼类生物多样性指数均呈现由1964年到1982年升高,随后又逐渐降低的趋势;1964—2005年间鱼类群落长度谱变化状况表明,该海域内的鱼类呈现小型种类和小个体增多,大个体减少,且长度范围变小的趋势。The coastal zone of the northern part of East China Sea was the spawning and feedinggrounds for many species of fishes,and was one of the important marine fishing regions in China. But with fishing activity intensifying and overfishing,and seawater pollution deteriorating,the fish community structure changed consequentially in the last half century.Based on the data collected from bottom trawl surveys conducted in June of 1964,1982,1999 and 2005,the temporal changes of fish community structure in the coastal zone of the northern part of East China Sea （29°00′- 31°30′N, 123°00′-125°00′E）in summer were analyzed.The result showed that the similarity index of species composition decreased both in mean biomass and mean number in 2005,while the time intervals increased compared to the other three surveys.Though the fish mean biomass did not change significantly,the fish individual number increased during 1982 to 1999.Though the fish individual number was high,the small individuals increased during 1999 to 2005.The fish species number which appeared in June of 1964,1982,1999,and 2005 was 64,78,64,and 47, respectively.The dominant species were Trichiurus japonicus,Synagrops japonicus and Argyrosomus argentatus in June 1964;T. japonicus,Scomber japonicus,A, argentatus,Acropoma iaponicum, Pampus cinereus,Apogon lineatus, Thamnaconus septentrionalis and Muraenesox cinereus in June 1982;T. japonicus,Sc, japonicus,A, lineatus,Engraulis japonicus,Larimichthys polyactis,Trachurus japonicus and Trachip-terus trachypterus in June 1999;and T. japonicus, Psenopsis anomala and L. polyactis in June 2005,respectively.The most dominant species was T. iaponicus in these four surveys,but its stock was declining.The other dominant species changed from the high-valued demersal fishes in the 1960s to the pleagic fishes in the 1980s,and then changed to the present less demersal and pleagic fishes with simple fish community structure.The biodiversity index of fishes increased during the period of 1964 to 1982,but then decrease

关 键 词：鱼类群落结构 生物多样性 长度谱 东海北部近海 夏季 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]