白桦木材的变色类型及变色前后化学成分分析  

Determination of Discoloration Types and of Chemical Components during Discoloration of Asian White Birch

作　　者：姜卸宏[1] 常建民[1] 李小青[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学材料科学与技术学院,北京市清华东路35号100083

出　　处：《林业科技开发》2006年第5期36-40,共5页China Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：归国人员留学基金

摘　　要：通过化学方法、材面色差分析法、扫描电镜观察和化学成分分析,研究了白桦木材的蓝变和黄变,探讨了变色的原因及主要类型。研究结果表明:白桦蓝变材的变色是由变色菌侵蚀木材引起的,变色深入木材内部。木材薄壁细胞腔内充满了大量的变色菌丝体,菌丝体本身的颜色及其分泌的色素是木材变色的原因。蓝变材部分半纤维素发生降解,其各项抽提物含量比正常材高;而黄变材是由于自然环境变化引起的创伤性木材变色,存在于木材局部区域,其部分导管和少量木纤维细胞被胶状物所填充,内含物增加,木材三大组分没有明显变化。Using the methods of the chemical analysis, ehromatism analysis of surface, scanning electron microscopic analysis of anatomy structure and chemical composition analysis, the causes and types of the discoloration are discussed in this paper. The resuits showed that all the parenchyma cell lumens of blue-stain wood were occupied by fungi hyphae or mycelia, and blue-slain always occured in the depth of wood. Thus the blue stain was mainly caused by stain fungi. The extractive contents in some items of blue-stain wood were a little higher than those of normal wood, that might be caused by the decomposition of some hemicelluiose; While the yellow-stain occured in certain parts of wood, and its parenchyma cell lumens, even some vessels and fiber cell lumens, were filled with gum-like materials. The extractive contents were higher than those of normal and lower than blue-stain wood. The hemicelluiose of cell wall did not decomposed which indicated that the wood composition had no changes, and the yellow-stain was mainly caused by the abnormal physiological reaction during the growing period of white Birch.

关 键 词：白桦 木材变色 扫描电镜观察 化学成分 色差 

分 类 号：S792.153[农业科学—林木遗传育种]